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Operation Mongoose operation

also: Mongoose, JMATE, Project ATE, the Cuba project, covert paramilitary plan, Cuba project, the Cuba plan, the invasion, Project Mongoose, mongos, Task Force W, the secret war against Castro, Mongoose playbook, quest to kill Castro, covert Cuba team, CIA-sponsored terror campaign, CIA Operation Mongoose, the Cuban project, this operation, JM Wave, Cuban operation, sabotage ops, OFTED, Operation Mongoose, JM Fury, MONGOOSE, MONGOOSE operation, MONGOOSE program, the MONGOOSE project, MONGOOSE Operation, MONGOOSE period, the CIA's Task Force W, MONGOOSEProgram, OperationMONGOOSE, MONGOOSE Program, the MONGOOSE Program, Operation MON GOOSE, the operation

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Related entities (most co-mentioned)

CIAintelligence service · 77Cubacountry · 50Fidel Castroperson · 34Robert F. Kennedyperson · 28Edward Lansdaleperson · 26John F. Kennedyperson · 26United Statescountry · 21Allen Dullesperson · 17Richard M. Bissell Jr.person · 14William Harveyperson · 14Miamiplace · 12Ted Shackleyperson · 11John McConeperson · 11Operation Plutooperation · 10National Security Councilorganization · 10Cuban Missile Crisisevent · 9Soviet Unioncountry · 7Robert Amory Jr.person · 7Directorate of Intelligenceorganization · 7Dwight D. Eisenhowerperson · 6Guatemalacountry · 6Brigade 2506organization · 6Richard Helmsperson · 5Joint Chiefs of Stafforganization · 5

Claims (120)

William Harvey headed Operation Mongoose documented document
“At the time the gambling syndicate operation was moved under Harvey's supervision he was responsible for a number of important activities and soon thereafter was selected to head of Task Force W the CIA component of the Kennedy Administrati…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.97
Desmond Fitzgerald headed Operation Mongoose documented document
“Desmond Fitzgerald (now deceased) Chief of the Task Force asked his assistant to determine whether an exotic seashell rigged to explode could be deposited in an area where Castro commonly went skin diving…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.99
Operation Mongoose ordered_assassination_of Fidel Castro documented document
“Two plans to assassinate Castro were explored by Task Force W the CIA section then concerned with covert Cuban operations in early 1963…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.99
Special Group (Augmented) headed Operation Mongoose documented document
“He served on the Special Group (Augmented) which supervised Operation MONGOOSE from December 1961 through October 1962…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.139
Edward Lansdale proposed Operation Mongoose documented document
“Lansdale's basic concept for the MONGOOSE program was to overthrow Castro through an internal revolt of the Cuban people…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.151
Richard Goodwin proposed Operation Mongoose documented document
“On November 2 1961 Goodwin had addressed an 'eyes only' memorandum to the President and the Attorney General outlining a suggested organization for what became the MONGOOSE operation…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.152
John F. Kennedy proposed Operation Mongoose documented document
“President Kennedy issued a memorandum recording his decision to begin the MONGOOSE project…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.153
Operation Mongoose subsidiary_of CIA documented document
“William Harvey was put in charge of the CIA's Task Force W the CIA unit for MONGOOSE Operations…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.154
Operation Mongoose targeted_for_regime_change Fidel Castro documented document
“Lansdale's concept for Operation MONGOOSE envisioned a first step involving the development of leadership elements and 'a very necessary political basis among the Cubans opposed to Castro'…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.155
Operation Mongoose targeted_for_regime_change Cuba documented document
“On February 20 Lansdale detailed a six-phase schedule for MONGOOSE designed to culminate in October 1962 with an "open revolt and overthrow of the Communist regime."…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.157
John F. Kennedy headed Operation Mongoose documented document
“In establishing the MONGOOSE Operation on November 30 1961 President Kennedy had emphasized that the SGA should be "kept closely informed of its activities"…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.158
Operation Mongoose targeted_for_regime_change Castro regime documented document
“the increasing pressure to act against the Castro regime led to a 'stepped-up MONGOOSE plan'…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.160
Operation Mongoose carried_out_attack Cuba documented document
“sabotage and paramilitary actions were also conducted, including a major sabotage operation aimed at a large Cuban copper mine…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.160
John McCone proposed Operation Mongoose documented document
“The 'CIA variant, which was proposed by McCone posted limited actions to avoid inciting a revolt and sought a split between Castro and 'old-line Communists' rather than Castro's overthrow…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.161
McGeorge Bundy proposed Operation Mongoose documented document
“On August 23 McGeorge Bundy issued NSC Memorandum No 181 which stated that at the President's directive 'the line of activity projected for Operation MONGOOSE Plan B plus should be developed with all possible speed.…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.161
Operation Mongoose operated_in Cuba documented document
“Operation MONGOOSE its strategy of causing an internal revolt of the Cuban people against Castro…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.163
William Harvey appointed Operation Mongoose documented document
“Early in 1962 Harvey was appointed chief of Task Force W CIA's action arm for MONGOOSE activities…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.167
Roswell Gilpatric member_of Operation Mongoose documented document
“Roswell Gilpatric served as Deputy Secretary of Defense throughout the Kennedy Administration and represented the Department on the Special Group and the SG A during the MONGOOSE operation…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.173
Robert F. Kennedy headed Operation Mongoose documented document
“He described Robert Kennedy as the 'moving spirit of MONGOOSE' whose role was 'principally to spur us on to get going get cracking.'…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.174
Dean Rusk member_of Operation Mongoose documented document
“Dean Rusk served as Secretary of State throughout the Kennedy Administration and participated in a number of SGA meetings during the MONGOOSE operation…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.174
Maxwell D. Taylor proposed Operation Mongoose documented document
“McNamara's concern 'led to the suggestion by General Taylor that we should consider changing the overall objective [of MONGOOSE] from one of overthrowing the Castro regime to one of causing its failure…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.177
David Atlee Phillips headed Operation Mongoose documented document
“during the period in which Harvey was freed from his duties on another Agency staff and assumed direction of Task Force W which ran CIA activity against the Castro regime…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.202
Edward Lansdale member_of Operation Mongoose documented document
“General Lansdale informed the agencies cooperating in Operation MONGOOSE that 'you're in a combat situation where we have been given full command.…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.288
Edward Lansdale proposed Operation Mongoose documented document
“Lansdale's plan which was submitted to the Special Group in January 1962 aimed at inducing 'open revolt and overthrow of the Communist regime.…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.289
Operation Mongoose linked_to Fidel Castro documented document
“The MONGOOSEProgram.The Environment in Which the Assas sination Plots Arose…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.319
Operation Mongoose targeted_for_regime_change Cuba documented document
“The Committee Report discusses in some detail the occurrences during the so-called 'MONGOOSE Program against Cuba…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.347
John F. Kennedy founded Operation Mongoose documented document
“President Kennedy's November 30 1961 memorandum formally established the MONGOOSE program…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.349
Edward Lansdale headed Operation Mongoose documented document
“President Kennedy's November 30 1961 memorandum formally established the MONGOOSE program and named Edward G Lansdale as its Chief of Operations…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.349
Operation Mongoose targeted_for_regime_change Fidel Castro documented document
“Lansdale noted that the President's November 30 memorandum would be implemented and that MONGOOSE would accomplish an overthrow of Castro by means of a popular movement of Cubans from within Cuba…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.349
CIA proposed Operation Mongoose documented document
“On January 24 1962 the CIA submitted its plan for developing the assets needed for the Cuba Project…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.350
Operation Mongoose operated_in Cuba documented document
“under the program agent teams were dispatched into Cuba…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.351
Operation Mongoose carried_out_attack Matahambre mine documented document
“The unsuccessful attempt to blow up the Matahambre mine was approved on August 30 1962…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.351
Operation Mongoose ended Cuban Missile Crisis documented document
“While the MONGOOSE program ended around the time of the Cuban missile crisis in October 1962…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.351
CIA funded Operation Mongoose documented document
“Following the Bay of Pigs attempts to undermine the government of Cuban Premier Fidel Castro continued with Operation MONGOOSE…”
source: government document — Church Committee Final Report, Book I: Foreign and Military Intelligence · p.128
Operation Mongoose targeted_for_regime_change Fidel Castro documented document
“Plots to assassinate Castro could not be understood unless seen in the context of Operation MONGOOSE a massive covert action program designed to "get rid of Castro.…”
source: government document — Church Committee Final Report, Book I: Foreign and Military Intelligence · p.151
United States funded Operation Mongoose documented document
“The impact of a large-scale covert operation such as Operation MONGOOSE in Cuba is apparent…”
source: government document — Church Committee Final Report, Book I: Foreign and Military Intelligence · p.163
Edward Lansdale headed Operation Mongoose documented document
“General Lansdale Named Chief-of-Operations of MONGOOSE…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.6
Special Group (Augmented) funded Operation Mongoose documented document
“The control System MONGOOSEOperations…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.6
CIA carried_out_attack Operation Mongoose documented document
“Between October 1961 and October 1962 the Agency conducted Operation MONGOOSE…”
source: government document — Church Committee Final Report, Book IV: Supplementary Detailed Staff Reports on Foreign and Military Intelligence · p.73
Operation Mongoose targeted_for_regime_change Fidel Castro documented document
“The program consisted of collection paramilitary sabotage and political propaganda activities aimed at discrediting and ultimately toppling the Castro government…”
source: government document — Church Committee Final Report, Book IV: Supplementary Detailed Staff Reports on Foreign and Military Intelligence · p.73
Operation Mongoose operated_in Cuba documented document
“Under the direction of the Kennedy Administration paramilitary programs were initiated in Cuba Laos and Vietnam…”
source: government document — Church Committee Final Report, Book IV: Supplementary Detailed Staff Reports on Foreign and Military Intelligence · p.73
Special Group (Augmented) supervised Operation Mongoose documented document
“The Special Group (Augmented) was responsible for supervising only one operation MONGOOSE…”
source: government document — Church Committee Final Report, Book IV: Supplementary Detailed Staff Reports on Foreign and Military Intelligence · p.77
United States funded Operation Mongoose documented document
“In November of that year the United States Government decided that further such overt paramilitary operations were no longer feasible and embarked on Operation MONGOOSE…”
source: government document — Church Committee Final Report, Book V: The Investigation of the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy · p.9
Operation Mongoose targeted_for_regime_change Fidel Castro documented document
“This operation attempted to use Cuban exiles and dissidents inside Cuba to overthrow Castro…”
source: government document — Church Committee Final Report, Book V: The Investigation of the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy · p.9
United States dissolved Operation Mongoose documented document
“When the United States faced a major confrontation with the Soviet Union during the October 1962 Cuban missile crisis it terminated MONGOOSE…”
source: government document — Church Committee Final Report, Book V: The Investigation of the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy · p.9
CIA founded Operation Mongoose documented document
“In November 1961 after a period of reappraisal following the failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion another approach to the Cuba problem Operation MONGOOSE was conceived…”
source: government document — Church Committee Final Report, Book V: The Investigation of the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy · p.16
Operation Mongoose operated_in Cuba documented document
“Leaders, MONGOOSE was to use Cuban exiles in operations designed to foment an internal revolution in Cuba…”
source: government document — Church Committee Final Report, Book V: The Investigation of the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy · p.17
Special Group (Augmented) ordered_assassination_of Operation Mongoose documented document
“This resulted in Operation MONGOOSE being phased out and the Special Group (Augmented) ordering a halt to all sabotage operations.…”
source: government document — Church Committee Final Report, Book V: The Investigation of the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy · p.17
Federal Bureau of Investigation member_of Operation Mongoose documented document
“The Committee has discovered since the issuance of its Assassination Report that in addition to the CIA and Department of Defense the FBI was also consulted in MONGOOSE planning…”
source: government document — Church Committee Final Report, Book V: The Investigation of the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy · p.17
United States government carried_out_attack Operation Mongoose documented document
“For example the plots against Fidel Castro personally cannot be understood without considering the fully authorized comprehensive assaults upon his regime such as the Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961 and Operation MONGOOSE in 1962…”
source: government document — Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (Church Committee Interim Report) · p.20
Edward Lansdale founded Operation Mongoose documented
“The Church Committee report says in November 1962, the proposal for a new covert action program to overthrow Castro was developed. The president's assistant, Richard Goodwin, and General Edward Lansdale, there's that twit again, who was exp…”
▶ Operation Gladio - Vietnam Phoenix Program Part (4) @ 59:44
Richard Goodwin founded Operation Mongoose documented
“The Church Committee report says in November 1962, the proposal for a new covert action program to overthrow Castro was developed. The president's assistant, Richard Goodwin, and General Edward Lansdale, there's that twit again, who was exp…”
▶ Operation Gladio - Vietnam Phoenix Program Part (4) @ 59:44
Edward Lansdale headed Operation Mongoose documented
“A special group was created to oversee Mongoose, and Lansdell was made its chief of operations. Those operations included assassination, or the favored term, executive action. The memo written by Lansdell and introduced during the hearing i…”
▶ Operation Gladio - Vietnam Phoenix Program Part (4) @ 1:00:10
Allen Dulles exposed Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“Allen Dulles told legislatures about the Bay of Pigs in advance. On March 10th, he appeared before a secret subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee and informed the overseers not only of the timing of the original decision, which…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 22 (23) @ 19:25
John F. Kennedy removed_from_power Operation Mongoose documented
“The EXCOMM discussed the operation and McComb personally briefed the landings. President Kennedy and McGeorge Bundy both spoke of reorienting Mongoose. Bobby went to Langley and denounced everyone except Bill Harvey. On October 30th, the Wh…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 27 (28) @ 26:20
John F. Kennedy funded Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“Successfully overthrow Castro because of his control over his armed forces and the country in general, unless you had an invading force backed up by intervention of U.S. forces, unquote. JFK received the O&E estimate judging time to be on C…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 22 (23) @ 9:04
CIA covered_up Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“Plausible deniability remained necessary precisely so that leaders might deny U.S. involvement. At an important forum for world opinion, the U.N. General Assembly, then in session in New York City, a Cuban debate already figured on the agen…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 22 (23) @ 31:47
Adnan Khashoggi funded Operation Mongoose documented
“And let me read just this little bit. Khashoggi was directly involved in helping organize and fund the top secret Operation Moses in 1984 to airlift 14,000 Ethiopian Jews from Sudan to Israel during a famine caused by the Ethiopian civil wa…”
▶ Operation Gladio-Revolutionaries for the Right -Kyle Burke @ 1:26:02
Richard M. Bissell Jr. headed Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“At this point, Task Force Chief Esterling returned to Guatemala for one final visit to the camps. As a morale booster, he brought along rebel leader Jose Mera Cardona. The men flew black out of Miami, crewed by some of CIA's Polish pilots. …”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 22 (23) @ 29:13
Allen Dulles covered_up Operation Mongoose host_asserted
“Recently declassified records of phone conversations with John McCone, Allen Dulles' successor, who dealt with both Dulles and the White House during the controversy and advised Kennedy officials on public statements, indicated that private…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 21 (22) @ 48:53
Richard M. Bissell Jr. headed Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“They knew well enough the signs of an operation gone awry. Esterling's section chiefs assembled on April 9th, right after his return from Guantanamo visit, and just before Hawkins went to Porto Cabanza for the brigade embarkment. Richard Bi…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 22 (23) @ 36:10
Edward Lansdale headed Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“for the new Cuba project. In an effort to obscure the project, Halpern looked at a list of code names that had been set aside for Thailand and selected Mongoose. Lansdale became the man of Project Mongoose, planning and supervising this cov…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 26 (27) @ 16:57
Sam Halpern founded Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“for the new Cuba project. In an effort to obscure the project, Halpern looked at a list of code names that had been set aside for Thailand and selected Mongoose. Lansdale became the man of Project Mongoose, planning and supervising this cov…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 26 (27) @ 16:57
Robert F. Kennedy headed Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“in order to help Cuba overthrow a communist regime. The Pentagon State Department and CIA were to designate representatives to help Lansdell, and each should have effective operational control over all aspects of their department operations…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 26 (27) @ 17:26
Edward Lansdale member_of Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“instructed the Secret Warriors to proceed in such a fashion as to permit disengagement. General Lansdell would continue as the project chief. The CIA's next day promised to ensure a steady flow of intel on Cuba. This flaw of the Bay of Pigs…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 26 (27) @ 21:23
William Harvey appointed Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“reported back that he had told Tracy Barnes that an up-to-date report be furnished as soon as possible on what was going on and what was being planned. Parrott then added, I did not tell Mr. Barnes about the presidential interest. Coinciden…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 26 (27) @ 37:13
Zenith Technical Enterprises front_for Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“or JM Wave by its agency designator. So JM Wave is the operation name, but it actually had a proprietary front company called Zenith Technical Enterprises. The walls were graced with phony charts purporting to display sales and production t…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 26 (27) @ 41:44
Edward Lansdale headed Operation Mongoose documented
“There were restrictions that RFK had set telling McCone that Mongoose had lots of data but little to show for it. At the time, Mongoose remained mired in phase one. Lansdale worried that the agencies were protecting their interests and that…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 27 (28) @ 4:54
Robert F. Kennedy approved Operation Mongoose documented
“A strike force of about 50 commandos would conduct sabotage missions and a wide variety of psychological warfare propaganda and other means would be used to sharpen fears. Lansdell cut back Bill Harvey's prospectus, which had called for sev…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 27 (28) @ 5:46
Edward Lansdale covered_up Operation Mongoose documented
“had himself brought up the question of assassination in Russ' office on August 10th. Staff took the Lansdale memo and whited out the offending phrase, but it survived in Harvey's notes to help. In Lansdale's deposition to the Rockefeller Co…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 27 (28) @ 15:02
Edward Lansdale covered_up Operation Mongoose documented
“Recollection improved before the church committee where Lansdale testified that the idea had been shot down on the August 10th meeting, but that he had included it in the instructions to Harvey because it might be a possibility someplace do…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 27 (28) @ 16:20
Richard M. Bissell Jr. member_of Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“and his first name is spelled E-R-I-C-H. With Von Marbad's endorsement, Shackley, fresh from Vietnam, was assigned to pick up the pieces of the coup plotting in the Directorate of Plans. Shackley worked in Operation Mongoose, made him the p…”
▶ Operation Gladio - Prelude to Terror Chap 5 @ 34:17
Edward Lansdale proposed Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“Lansdale told the group that half a dozen new raids were planned and another strike on a major target would be added. Some talked of mining Cuban territorial waters. On October 4th, the meeting concluded that more dynamic action was indicat…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 27 (28) @ 17:46
Edward Lansdale proposed Operation Mongoose documented
“The only political warfare would trigger a Cuban revolt, he reiterated. He also said that a scheme to have a submarine surface and fire star shells over Cuba for all souls day night igniting Cuban superstitions, that seems to be a favorite …”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 27 (28) @ 18:14
Ted Shackley proposed Operation Mongoose documented
“Believe fluctuations in go and stop orders over past seven days have been such that we are sitting on explosive human situation, which could blow at any time within the next 48 hours. The station chief reminded the headquarters that his 50 …”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 27 (28) @ 23:56
Desmond Fitzgerald headed Operation Mongoose documented
“To get Desmond and avoid the impression that a Far East baron had taken a demotion to lead a task force, the Mongoose unit became a DO special staff. Desmond, simultaneously a deputy chief of a division responsible for Cuban matters. Genera…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 27 (28) @ 30:35
Jacob Esterlin headed Operation Mongoose documented
“To get Desmond and avoid the impression that a Far East baron had taken a demotion to lead a task force, the Mongoose unit became a DO special staff. Desmond, simultaneously a deputy chief of a division responsible for Cuban matters. Genera…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 27 (28) @ 30:35
National Security Council headed Operation Mongoose documented
“President Kennedy also revamped White House controls. Instead of Robert Kennedy taking the lead, the National Security Council became the direct point of contact. Aspects of the Cuban project figured in EXCOMM discussions in late 1962 and e…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 27 (28) @ 31:05
CIA funded Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“David Morales led the paramilitary staff. Jack Corris, C-O-R-R-I-S, took charge of support. Seymour Bolton headed the political action staff. The station eventually grew larger than the one that had supported the Bay of Pigs. Soon, Shackley…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 26 (27) @ 42:47
Ted Shackley headed Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“Theodore Shackley's JM Wave had 112 exiles on board from the beginning. In addition, it had 40 CIA officers and 39 more co-located at Opelika. At any given time, there was a dozen or more special forces training exile commandos. Bob Moore a…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 26 (27) @ 42:13
Tosh Plumlee carried_out_attack Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“Plumlee is named in several books and articles about the Contra affair, but is only identified by his mysterious pilot name, Tosh, T-O-S-H. In the 1982 book, The Fish is Red, he is identified, although only by his name, Robert Plumlee, and …”
▶ The Colonel's Corner The Mafia, CIA, & George Bush Part 8 @ 24:30
Edward Lansdale ran Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“and overthrew their governments too. Lansdell, while still a colonel on active duty, ran Operation Mongoose, the effort to kill Castro. When Lansdell was forced to retire by President Kennedy, he simply went into the private military force,…”
▶ OPERATION GLADIO Exposed with COLONEL TOWNER in Gold Warriors Chapter 13 @ 23:38
Edward Lansdale headed Operation Mongoose documented
“the chief of operations task force running Mongoose, with a CIA group under him called Task Force W and headed by William K. Harvey from the new CIA headquarters at Langley. Harvey supervised the activities of Ted Shackley's Miami station. …”
▶ OPERATION GLADIO Exposed by COLONEL TOWNER in Presidents' Secret Wars Chapter 11 cont @ 34:27
Edward Lansdale headed Operation Mongoose host_asserted
“And I mean, they're desperate at this point. So as soon as General Lemensker became Army Chief of Staff in 1959, he installed Lansdell at a desk in the Deputy SecDef's office in the Pentagon. Now, Lansdell is a CIA. He was put in charge of …”
▶ OPERATION GLADIO Exposed by COLONEL TOWNER in The Empire on Which the Black Sun Never Set, Chapter 8 @ 50:35
The Family exposed Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“and prepared for a complete list of agency projects to be created so that he had total purview over what they were doing. The resulting 693-page report was called The Family Jewels. It led to leaks about assassination programs like Mongoose…”
▶ OPERATION GLADIO Exposed with COLONEL TOWNER in Gold Warriors Chapter 13 @ 9:25
George H.W. Bush member_of Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“At first, a tiny part of Operation Mongoose, the CIA's codename for their anti-Castro operations. According to the late John Sherwood, a top William King Harvey deputy in Washington, quote, Bush was like hundreds of other businessmen who pr…”
▶ Operation Gladio-Prelude to Terror by Joe Trento Chap 2 @ 18:25
Allen Dulles funded Operation Mongoose documented
“who would assemble other exiles in the Latin community country, after which they would infiltrate Cuba and lead anti-Castro dissidents. This formed the heart of the eventual covert paramilitary plan. Alan Dulles took the anti-Castro project…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 17 (19) @ 4:29
Allen Dulles funded Operation Mongoose documented
“February 17th, and it became the first one he presented to Eisenhower. Direct action to eliminate Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Dulles met with the president and Gordon Gray. Accompanied by aides, Dulles went armed with schematic drawings o…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 17 (19) @ 10:05
Dwight D. Eisenhower funded Operation Mongoose documented
“Eisenhower accepted the CIA's Cuba project. Not before some discussion, however. Once Allen Dulles presented the basic plan, Bissell did most of the talking. Bissell, whose skills lay elsewhere, and who had appointed Tracy Barnes as his ass…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 17 (19) @ 25:40
William Pawley funded Operation Mongoose documented
“And we're going to hire all of our lawyers and bankers that are CIA agents to be the businessmen assigned to this investment entity that is going to do all of this as cover. Money from private sources could also help disguise the agency's h…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 17 (19) @ 24:41
Radio Swan front_for Operation Mongoose documented
“if we're going to wage political warfare. They were temporarily setting it up in Mexico. The CIA director also went on about how great Radio Swan on Swan Island was with all of their propaganda. Its broadcast had expanded who they were atta…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 17 (19) @ 35:34
National Security Council approved Operation Mongoose documented
“Once exiles were mounting such missions on their own, it became even more difficult for the CIA to restrain those Cubans working for Task Force W. In early September, the NSC special group approved escalation to phase two raids against Cuba…”
▶ OPERATION GLADIO Exposed by COLONEL TOWNER in Presidents' Secret Wars Chapter 11 cont @ 35:41
CIA funded Operation Mongoose documented
“who was soon running one of the CIA's largest operations ever with a known, stated, appropriated budget of over $50 million. Over 100 leased vehicles, several thousand Cuban exiles called Gladio agents, and over 300 American employees. The …”
▶ OPERATION GLADIO Exposed by COLONEL TOWNER in Presidents' Secret Wars Chapter 11 cont @ 20:57
Allen Dulles exposed Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“Amori undoubtedly found out. They all got through a capital briefing on January 6, 1961, where Alan Dulles presented the Senate CIA subcommittee some details of the Cuban project. But Amori had no standing to supply reports that might call …”
▶ The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21) @ 44:59
U.S. Intelligence Board covered_up Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“And again in February 1961. But without deeper knowledge of the CIA plans, their reporting failed to tell the headquarters element of this operation much of what it needed to know about Castro's capability both against the resistance and th…”
▶ The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21) @ 45:29
Richard M. Bissell Jr. directed Operation Mongoose documented
“assets for covert warfare. This instruction led to the interagency study directed by Richard Bissell with Walt Rostow, R-O-S-T-O-W, of the NSC as the prime moving force behind it. The study provided the impetus for the administration's emph…”
▶ OPERATION GLADIO Exposed by COLONEL TOWNER in Presidents' Secret Wars Chapter 11 cont @ 14:31
National Security Council ordered_assassination_of Operation Mongoose documented
“Three teams had already left for points on the north coast of Cuba when one Cuban who wanted assurances that the cause was good phoned Robert Kennedy. The attorney general now facing a horrifying prospect of nuclear war was not the gung-ho …”
▶ OPERATION GLADIO Exposed by COLONEL TOWNER in Presidents' Secret Wars Chapter 11 cont @ 38:10
Edward Lansdale managed Operation Mongoose documented
“Moving on to Chapter 15, where we get into Southeast Asia. Although not cut from the same cloth as Maxwell Taylor, Ed Lansdale also considered himself something of a theorist. Managing Operation Mongoose and backstopping covert actions at t…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 29 (30) @ 39:02
Victor Krulak skeptical_of Operation Mongoose documented
“with JFK, and that happened to be Major General Victor Krulik. His assistant was Colonel Hawkins. Both maintained that they were skeptical of covert operations like Mongoose. Despite the Cuban setbacks, the CIA retained solid and growing ca…”
▶ The Colonel’s Corner- Presidents’ Secret Wars Chap 12 @ 48:58
Robert F. Kennedy monitored Operation Mongoose documented
“Only a few officers retired and almost no one was fired. While there was plenty of complaints about the handling of the covert operation of the Bay of Pigs, it did not bring an end to the secret war against Castro. If anything, the administ…”
▶ The Colonel’s Corner – Presidents’ Secret Wars Chapter 11 cont’d @ 20:37
Edward Lansdale coordinated Operation Mongoose documented
“Edward Lansdale served as the Pentagon's contact man for matters concerning Operation Mongoose, coordinating military support as well as arranging for the agendas and keeping the records of the NSD special group, which effectively replaced …”
▶ The Colonel’s Corner – Presidents’ Secret Wars Chapter 11 cont’d @ 21:26
Robert F. Kennedy headed Operation Mongoose host_asserted
“had he not been under attack by the United States. President Kennedy kept his distance from the paramilitary offensive, but his brother Bobby was at the forefront of the operations, prodding the planners to get moving, encouraging action wi…”
▶ The Colonel’s Corner – Presidents’ Secret Wars Chapter 11 cont’d @ 34:18
Edward Lansdale headed Operation Mongoose host_asserted
“the chief of operations task force running Mongoose, with a CIA group under him called Task Force W and headed by William K. Harvey from the new CIA headquarters at Langley. Harvey supervised the activities of Ted Shackley's Miami station. …”
▶ The Colonel’s Corner – Presidents’ Secret Wars Chapter 11 cont’d @ 35:37
Ted Shackley headed Operation Mongoose host_asserted
“I've never been in a base like that. It just blows my mind that that would have been the case. SR-71. Thank you, Colonel. I can add a little more to JM Wave here. One of our favorite names, Theodore Shackley, was the one who headed JM Wave …”
▶ The Colonel’s Corner – Presidents’ Secret Wars Chapter 11 cont’d @ 59:59
William P. Bundy member_of Operation Mongoose host_asserted
“We've never heard of the guy until we stumbled across him. I've never heard anybody talk about him and his name's literally on everything. It's just crazy how often we come across him because obviously he lived down in Miami and he was part…”
▶ The Colonel’s Corner – Presidents’ Secret Wars Chapter 11 cont’d @ 1:01:30
E. Howard Hunt exposed Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“Esterling used his frequent trips to keep the Guatemalan leader humored. CIA contributed to rupturing secrecy. In his effort to recruit Cubans in Miami, Howard Hunt took photos of the forward operating base in Guatemala. Again, OPSEC. The p…”
▶ The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21) @ 48:57
Ministry of Information (Cuba) exposed Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“Publication outraged Esserling. Hunt's efforts to sanitize the photos did little to disguise their true meaning. Sets of the pictures even reached the Cuban government. The Ministry of Information gave them wide publication. Oh, the CIA is …”
▶ The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21) @ 49:27
CIA funded Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“While many agency folks picked up the quote-unquote forward leaning for their lexicon, General Cabell leaves this episode completely out of his memoirs because it makes you look like a freaking idiot. Seaborne supplies had its own difficult…”
▶ The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21) @ 40:23
CIA funded Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“Action that Eisenhower had requested. Immediate activity at CIA headquarters followed President Eisenhower's August decision. The first move became securing a Central American base to prepare the Cuban exiles for the Bay of Pigs. As Guatema…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 19 (20) @ 18:59
Richard M. Bissell Jr. headed Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“Richard Bissell supplied details. Tracy Barnes, Bissell's assistant, supervised. Richard Helms sat quietly, which was rather out of character for him. Soon Helms stopped coming to project meetings altogether. Beyond his help in drafting the…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 19 (20) @ 21:33
Tracy Barnes headed Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“Bissell preoccupied on many fronts, spy satellites, a new generation of reconnaissance aircraft, the U-2 affair investigation, to which Bissell had to respond. There were other, oh, and there were other CIA operations going on, you know, li…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 19 (20) @ 28:53
Richard Helms covered_up Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“Richard Bissell supplied details. Tracy Barnes, Bissell's assistant, supervised. Richard Helms sat quietly, which was rather out of character for him. Soon Helms stopped coming to project meetings altogether. Beyond his help in drafting the…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 19 (20) @ 21:33
George H.W. Bush member_of Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“It was in the late 50s that the covert operation culture called upon George H.W. Bush. Bush was at first a tiny part of Operation Mongoose, the CIA's codename for their anti-Castro operations. According to the late John Sherwood, a top Will…”
▶ OPERATION GLADIO Exposed by COLONEL TOWNER in Prelude to Terror Chapter 2 @ 17:40
Lyman Lemnitzer provided_bridge_financing_for Operation Mongoose host_asserted
“an all-out covert war. You can think of it as an actual war. It was just done covertly. And it had every part of a war footing associated with it. Does that help? Yes, ma'am. Yeah. And so you had, you know, the people like, and keep in mind…”
▶ The Colonel’s Corner – Presidents’ Secret Wars Chapter 11 cont’d @ 57:04
Ted Shackley headed Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“when the Kennedy administration forced the Soviet Union to withdraw missiles from the island. He also ran Operation Mongoose, an anti-Castro intelligence campaign that had been ordered by Attorney General Robert Kennedy and President JFK's …”
▶ The Colonel’s Corner Twilight of the Shadow Government #8 @ 37:14
William Harvey covered_up Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“There were commando strikes on Cuban railroads, oil, and sugar refineries and factories. Photographic intelligence expert Dino Bruganini recalls Harvey almost as an enemy, believing that the analysts spied on him. But Harvey lied about resu…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 27 (28) @ 9:17
El Al Airlines carried_out_attack Operation Mongoose host_asserted
“Israeli's major airline. El Al Airlines has also notoriously been used to conduct covert operations, including Operation Moses. They just disguise them as regular transportation flights. Leaked cables from the South African intelligence in …”
▶ OPERATION GLADIO with Colonel Towner One Nation Under Blackmail by Whitney Webb, Chapter 13 and 14 @ 43:56
United Fruit Company funded Operation Mongoose host_asserted
“He was trying to persuade U.S. oil companies to stop refining crude for Castro at their Cuban refineries. Three weeks later, Charles Cabell briefed Vice President Nixon on the developments. Richard Bissell and J.C. King were on hand to take…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 17 (19) @ 31:31
John McCone covered_up Operation Mongoose book_quoted
“McCone insisted he protested instantly that he went to Robert McNamara's office right afterwards and reiterated the protest. McCone's special assistant said that he did protest, but not immediately. Okay, let's see. And that no such suggest…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 27 (28) @ 13:11
Participation of Cubans in Operation Mongoose about Operation Mongoose structural
“structural link inferred from entity names (not a claim from any source): 'Participation of Cubans in Operation Mongoose' is a work/event about 'Operation Mongoose'…”

Mentions (120)

Operation Gladio-Prelude to Terror by Joe Trento Chap 2
▶ 18:25 At first, a tiny part of Operation Mongoose, the CIA's codename for their anti-Castro operations. According to the late John Sherwood, a top William King Harvey deputy in Washington, quote, Bush was like hundreds of other businessmen who pr…
Operation Gladio - Prelude to Terror Chap 5
▶ 34:17 and his first name is spelled E-R-I-C-H. With Von Marbad's endorsement, Shackley, fresh from Vietnam, was assigned to pick up the pieces of the coup plotting in the Directorate of Plans. Shackley worked in Operation Mongoose, made him the p…
Operation Gladio - Prelude to Terror Chap 5
▶ 34:45 that he had recruited for Operation Mongoose. Shackley's team was being ready for a new effort to overthrow the Chilean government. On September 12, 1973, half a year after Helms left, although, let's see, Allende's economy was collapsing. …
Operation Gladio- Prelude to Terror Chap 6
▶ 16:04 that he now feared for his security. Wilson had not heard great reports about Rodriguez from Quintero. Quintero had worked with Felix Rodriguez on both Operation Mongoose and on the Phoenix program in Vietnam, but he still thought Tom Cline…
Operation Gladio-Revolutionaries for the Right -Kyle Burke
▶ 1:26:02 And let me read just this little bit. Khashoggi was directly involved in helping organize and fund the top secret Operation Moses in 1984 to airlift 14,000 Ethiopian Jews from Sudan to Israel during a famine caused by the Ethiopian civil wa…
Operation Gladio - Vietnam Phoenix Program Part (4)
▶ 59:44 The Church Committee report says in November 1962, the proposal for a new covert action program to overthrow Castro was developed. The president's assistant, Richard Goodwin, and General Edward Lansdale, there's that twit again, who was exp…
Operation Gladio - Vietnam Phoenix Program Part (4)
▶ 1:00:10 A special group was created to oversee Mongoose, and Lansdell was made its chief of operations. Those operations included assassination, or the favored term, executive action. The memo written by Lansdell and introduced during the hearing i…
The Colonel's Corner A Gladio Glasses look at Ted Cruz
▶ 1:25:02 Rock chased the 1981 storyline Ice Princess to Operation Mongoose. When that happens, that's so funny. Thank you, Donnie Vision, for doing that. That is hilarious because it is absolutely a soap opera. And you couldn't, if you were to write…
The Colonel's Corner Kill Zone Part 3
▶ 33:12 with the details of the plan. It is believed that the CIA's end of the operation that provided certain CIA and other assets was handled under yet another code name, that from the station called JM Wave. Both Operation 40 and JM Wave came un…
The Colonel’s Corner- Presidents’ Secret Wars Chap 12
▶ 48:58 with JFK, and that happened to be Major General Victor Krulik. His assistant was Colonel Hawkins. Both maintained that they were skeptical of covert operations like Mongoose. Despite the Cuban setbacks, the CIA retained solid and growing ca…
The Colonel’s Corner-Presidents’ Secret Wars Chap 17
▶ 27:08 cited the quote-unquote disposal problem to JFK as one reason to go ahead with the Bay of Pigs invasion. Far from disposing of the Cuban contract agents, the operation led to an almost open-ended CIA involvement with the Cuban exiles all ov…
The Colonel’s Corner – Presidents’ Secret Wars Chapter 11 cont’d
▶ 21:08 Operation was dubbed Mongoose, and it was ongoing. Although NSD directives following the Bay of Pigs made the Department of Defense primarily responsible for advice on activities, its operational role remained minimal.…
The Colonel’s Corner – Presidents’ Secret Wars Chapter 11 cont’d
▶ 21:26 Edward Lansdale served as the Pentagon's contact man for matters concerning Operation Mongoose, coordinating military support as well as arranging for the agendas and keeping the records of the NSD special group, which effectively replaced …
The Colonel’s Corner – Presidents’ Secret Wars Chapter 11 cont’d
▶ 23:21 cloaked only by an array of political groups centered in Miami because the operations was being ran out of the United States, you know, where you're not allowed to do any CIA operations. The CIA was compelled to create a liaison with severa…
The Colonel’s Corner – Presidents’ Secret Wars Chapter 11 cont’d
▶ 29:03 terrorist training camps. And they're still using those people. Those are the people that are being shuttled through Turkey that carried out the attack against Moscow, that theater. They came from Tajikistan. So this model has been used all…
The Colonel’s Corner – Presidents’ Secret Wars Chapter 11 cont’d
▶ 35:08 committee investigation and returned to tell the exiles that Kennedy was all right. Robertson went on to serve throughout the covert operation against Cuba. Operation Mongoose formally evolved from a list of 32 planning tasks assigned by Ed…
The Colonel’s Corner – Presidents’ Secret Wars Chapter 11 cont’d
▶ 35:37 the chief of operations task force running Mongoose, with a CIA group under him called Task Force W and headed by William K. Harvey from the new CIA headquarters at Langley. Harvey supervised the activities of Ted Shackley's Miami station. …
The Colonel’s Corner – Presidents’ Secret Wars Chapter 11 cont’d
▶ 37:06 raids against Cuba after they've already been doing them. One commando struck a power plant and sharp arguments erupted as the Mongoose meeting in October 4th, when John McCone, the new director of central intelligence charged that the NFC …
The Colonel’s Corner – Presidents’ Secret Wars Chapter 11 cont’d
▶ 37:36 and that no specific action had ever been rejected at the NSC level. The October meeting concluded that more dynamic action was needed. Just 10 days later, the CIA U-2 reconnaissance plane flying over Cuba returned with photographs that sho…
The Colonel’s Corner – Presidents’ Secret Wars Chapter 11 cont’d
▶ 38:30 who was a specialist assistant for Cuban affairs, recommended having the exile pilots bomb all of the missiles. Now, keep in mind, these were nuclear missiles. Oh, my God, these people are crazy. Using unmarked planes and pretending that it…
The Colonel’s Corner – Presidents’ Secret Wars Chapter 11 cont’d
▶ 39:35 was not the gung-ho advocate of the covert action that he used to be. On October 30th, the NSC ordered a halt to all Mongoose operations. Lansdale was sent to Miami to close down the operation. There was no more talk, as there had been in O…
The Colonel’s Corner – Presidents’ Secret Wars Chapter 11 cont’d
▶ 44:47 can be easily determined. In other words, we have all these trained people, are you going to use them or not? The basic decision was to restrict post-Mongoose actions to harassment of Cubans and basically for the brigade to disappear. Only …
The Colonel’s Corner – Presidents’ Secret Wars Chapter 11 cont’d
▶ 53:59 It's just a matter of time until the proof comes out. So, Bridget, did you have anything? Can you briefly, just for the audience, explain how, you know, JM Wave is covered in here, but the breadth of JM Wave was a particularly nefarious sit…
The Colonel’s Corner – Presidents’ Secret Wars Chapter 11 cont’d
▶ 54:38 Because it also connected with, as I recall, the schools. I mean, it was not just a matter of trying to push out propaganda. Well, no, J.M. Wade was actually the operation to overthrow Castro. It really had very little to do with propaganda…
The Colonel’s Corner – Presidents’ Secret Wars Chapter 11 cont’d
▶ 55:40 With the hopes that there are other people that will rise up. And in the midst of the quote unquote civil war that ensues. They're going to install this government that had been in exile. That the U.S. had already recognized onto the island…
The Colonel’s Corner – Presidents’ Secret Wars Chapter 11 cont’d
▶ 56:37 As soon as he made it clear to them that he wasn't going to allow the mafia back in, nor was he going to allow the oligarchs that had confiscated all the people's land in bullshit land deals. And he was out. And so that operation, JM Wave, …
The Colonel’s Corner – Presidents’ Secret Wars Chapter 11 cont’d
▶ 59:59 I've never been in a base like that. It just blows my mind that that would have been the case. SR-71. Thank you, Colonel. I can add a little more to JM Wave here. One of our favorite names, Theodore Shackley, was the one who headed JM Wave …
The Colonel’s Corner – Presidents’ Secret Wars Chapter 11 cont’d
▶ 1:01:30 We've never heard of the guy until we stumbled across him. I've never heard anybody talk about him and his name's literally on everything. It's just crazy how often we come across him because obviously he lived down in Miami and he was part…
The Colonel’s Corner – Presidents’ Secret Wars Chapter 11 cont’d
▶ 1:07:20 Well, it opens with Operation Pluto. Operation Pluto, when it was discovered what was going on, they renamed the operation to Operation Zapata. That's never mentioned. And then it goes to Operation Mongoose, which is mentioned. So I'm begin…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 17 (19)
▶ 3:54 not yet willing to go that far, crossed out King's word elimination, substituting it for removal from Cuba. I'm not sure what the difference is. I mean, I know what it is, but he doesn't want to actually come out and say, because they have …
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 17 (19)
▶ 19:40 The concept received the code name JMATE. The Pentagon would know it as Project Pluto. The paragraph on military action from Project ATE concept is worth quoting. This is the quote. Preparations have already been made for the development of…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 17 (19)
▶ 20:13 together with mechanisms for the necessary logistical support of covert military operations on the island. Initially, a cadre of leaders will be recruited after careful screening and trained as paramilitary instructors. In a second phase, a…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 17 (19)
▶ 20:40 to be available for immediate deployment into Cuba to organize, train, and lead resistant forces recruited there after the establishment of one or two centers of resistance. A lot of that actually happened inside the United States, as we we…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 17 (19)
▶ 25:10 William Polly had already made. The secret war managers now estimated that the project was going to be $4.4 million. So we've already doubled and we haven't even started. On March 17th in the afternoon, President Eisenhower took the unusual…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 17 (19)
▶ 33:34 Cabell expressed general satisfaction with the CIA progress on its covert operation, but warned that Castro's popularity remained very high. Economic warfare would be necessary to make Project ATE work. Around the end of June, Eisenhower to…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 17 (19)
▶ 34:33 And they needed more money. By August, Esterling's task force had reworked its plan and presented it in a new memorandum to Eisenhower. The key meeting took place at the White House on August 18th. Present were Alan Dulles, NSC officials, c…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 17 (19)
▶ 35:04 the Treasury Secretary Robert Anderson, who coordinated the U.S. trade policy with Cuba, after talk of the U2 affair, which had consumed Eisenhower since May, the group turned to ATE. Alan Dulles cited success in creating the Cuban politica…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 19 (20)
▶ 21:01 We're gonna call our debt due and we're just gonna use your country to stage a coup in Cuba. Sure, come on in. The plantation became known as Camp Trax, T-R-A-X. At the offices of the task force headquarters, Jake Esterling listened while A…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 19 (20)
▶ 23:32 Helms focused on running clandestine activities, leaving Cuba entirely to others. Bissell, blaming his own managerial style, later expressed regret at not having taken Helms' input more seriously. Unlike Helms, Richard Bissell had complete …
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 19 (20)
▶ 28:53 Bissell preoccupied on many fronts, spy satellites, a new generation of reconnaissance aircraft, the U-2 affair investigation, to which Bissell had to respond. There were other, oh, and there were other CIA operations going on, you know, li…
The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21)
▶ 7:13 It so happened, however, that the CIA's WH-4 unit that was overseeing the preparation for the Bay of Pigs, political action chiefs, held opposing views. For Project AET and Pluto, both simultaneously going on, Howard Hunt wanted no M-26 peo…
The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21)
▶ 29:29 The divided command during Operation ATE and Pluto resulted in competitive relationships that didn't enhance the mission. By then, Reynolds had 160 CIA officers on his roles. Almost half of them were communications people. Many of the rest …
The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21)
▶ 36:21 flew 11 times to Cuba before registering a good drop. The frustration was palatable. The resistance felt the same. One mission rated successful took place on December 30th. Four days earlier, Miami base learned that one of the CIA trained a…
The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21)
▶ 36:49 He specified what he needed and how it needed to be packed, as well as the location and the layout of the drop zone. The request went to Esterling, who passed it to Beerly. Approval procedures naturally led to a meeting in General Cabell's …
The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21)
▶ 37:18 Told the cargo represented a small proportion of the capacity, Cabell ordered the load topped off with rice and beans. Dick Drain, startled, warned Cabell that the plane's task was to deliver the specific items requested. Propaganda chief D…
The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21)
▶ 37:50 The next day, the headquarters sent word to tell the agent he would retrieve the shipment as he had requested. But the air staff, in cables not cleared through Esterling, added allotments of 80 pounds of rice and beans. 800 pounds, sorry. A…
The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21)
▶ 38:17 They also threw in 200 pounds of leaflets for propaganda. That'll get you killed, but go ahead and put it in there. When the C-54 flew the mission, the plane lingered too long in the area, showed lights, dropped the leaflets onto the agent'…
The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21)
▶ 38:49 The agent actually left Cuba in February and went to Miami to denounce the air operation, canceled a follow-up drop, and said that he would not accept any more airdrops no matter what they were sending. So let's unpack that. He's accusing t…
The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21)
▶ 40:50 Since the project began, boat operations were all improvised. Cubans themselves were quicker off the mark. With Cuban-owned boats, such as the Reefer and Wasp, beginning supply deliveries in September of 1960. Typically, CIA case officers l…
The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21)
▶ 41:20 or anti-Castro people, or insert agents. They basically contracted out everything. Around November, the agency actually acquired, they bought the WASP from the Cuban owners. In 1960, a dozen Cuban or CIA boat missions took place off of Cuba…
The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21)
▶ 41:50 and extracted 79 people. Early in 1961, Castro imported fast patrol boats and radars from Russia to stop those activities. Around December of 1960, Castro's FAR became actively involved in major counterinsurgency campaigns against the Escam…
The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21)
▶ 42:21 the food going to the guerrillas. They were also capturing and killing some of them. By the spring of 1961, the FAR blockade had the guerrillas starving. In all, aircraft dropped almost 14 tons of materials. Perhaps a third actually reached…
The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21)
▶ 42:55 So Castro knows what's going on. This amounted to very thin supplies. And it was at some point, there was probably rebels wishing the CIA had in fact dropped them the rice and beans, not the CIA agent. Meanwhile, the analytical component of…
The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21)
▶ 43:27 I'm sorry, I just have to laugh. We don't actually want anybody getting intelligence because we're just creating it. We're making it up to justify what we're doing. We don't need the Directorate of Intelligence involved in an intelligence o…
The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21)
▶ 43:56 that might even suggest what was impending for Cuba. So again, they may know over here in this office that Castro's on to all of them, but they're insulated by the covert action people because they don't want to hear that because then they …
The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21)
▶ 44:25 We don't want to hear it. It's like the deaf, dumb, and blind monkeys. The analysts were deemed not to have a need to know about what they were doing. The chief analyst, Deputy Director Robert Amore Jr., went to many of the same Georgetown …
The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21)
▶ 44:59 Amori undoubtedly found out. They all got through a capital briefing on January 6, 1961, where Alan Dulles presented the Senate CIA subcommittee some details of the Cuban project. But Amori had no standing to supply reports that might call …
The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21)
▶ 46:00 To cap it all off, the CIA from TRAX, which is in Guatemala, intervened in Guatemalan politics. On November 14th, a number of army officers revolted against Fuentes, who had allowed the CIA into his country. Richard Bissell awoke at 3.30 a.…
The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21)
▶ 46:55 Bissell cabled Egan on his own authority, permitting the use of CIA pilots, but not any of the Cuban exiles, supposedly, and recalls no evidence the troops were ever used. But President Eisenhower was later briefed that the Cubans deployed …
The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21)
▶ 48:28 His name they don't use, which is his last name, Fuentes, is easier for me to pronounce, just so that you guys can keep up. All right, President Fuentes survived, and with him, the CIA's privileges in Guatemala. But he became very restive a…
The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21)
▶ 48:57 Esterling used his frequent trips to keep the Guatemalan leader humored. CIA contributed to rupturing secrecy. In his effort to recruit Cubans in Miami, Howard Hunt took photos of the forward operating base in Guatemala. Again, OPSEC. The p…
The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21)
▶ 49:56 that we've already been intercepting. We've got airdrops into the mountains to feed rebels. Gosh, I wonder if he was able to figure out they're about to get invaded. In Eisenhower's counsel, after November 1960, it would have been implausib…
The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21)
▶ 52:40 And everything that's gone wrong. What I find most interesting is most historians will take one piece of the fuckery and concentrate on that saying that it was indicative of all of it. This is the first author that I have seen that took all…
The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21)
▶ 53:07 All of this had taken place. Dulles knows unequivocally the entire operation is compromised. And again, the place where the intelligence analyst and the intelligence operators, the covert side, meet is at the Cabell and Dulles level. So it …
The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21)
▶ 54:36 the entire operation's compromised. OPSEC violation, OPSEC violation, OPSEC violation, OPSEC violation, the entire operation is compromised. So if in addition to all of those compromised operational components, you were to be told that Cast…
The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 20 (21)
▶ 55:05 They were doing shit on their own. And the analysts using the U-2 overhead satellite capability would have had intelligence that indicated that. So they would have had intelligence where they were massing their forces. Because again, using …
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 21 (22)
▶ 47:21 But the CIA director's account, Eisenhower's political wizard, Wilton Persons, phoned and Dulles informed him that he had briefed JFK on Cuba, but didn't mention anything about Project ATE. Nixon later attributed defeat in the 1960 election…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 21 (22)
▶ 54:51 No doubt thinking he was moving away from this hierarchy or bureaucracy, JFK exercised direct leadership. He made no changes whatsoever to upper management of the CIA. Project ATE also continued. Though those close to Kennedy insist the you…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 22 (23)
▶ 0:40 Where we left off, Bay of Pigs, failure at Playa Garan. And we're on page 242 of Safe for Democracy in this series. Okay, where we left off, the Robert Amory stunned colleagues when he attended one of Kennedy's inaugural celebrations, a Cam…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 22 (23)
▶ 1:10 as Fidel Castro. Some secret warriors saw that as a serious security breach, but he didn't care. He had a point to make. Of course, one level of Amory could not break secrecy. As chief of the Directorate of Intelligence, he led a CIA unit w…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 22 (23)
▶ 1:36 Roger Hilsman, whom Kennedy appointed to head the State Department's Bureau of Intelligence and Research, which again is the belly button into the State Department for the CIA, believes that both he and Emory were cut out of the loop on Cub…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 22 (23)
▶ 3:42 He also had a lot more experience with invasions than anyone involved in the Cuba Project. In World War II, Amory had been a landing craft operator, finishing the war as a colonel in charge of a whole regiment of vessels. A veteran of 26 as…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 22 (23)
▶ 4:11 The actual invasion boss had participated in exactly two. The massive Irojimo endeavor, where the United States had held all the cards and put ashore many thousands of troops in operation in Korea. Amory thought Hawkins, quote, just didn't …
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 22 (23)
▶ 4:41 but no one consulted him. Amory, far from alone in his views, represented the element at CIA that was skeptical about the Cuba project. Some doubted the internal resistance could cripple Castro. Others questioned the outcome, even if the CI…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 22 (23)
▶ 5:14 Another DI unit was the Office of National Estimates, which produced the community's flagship reports, the National Intelligence Estimates. Without bringing it into the circle of knowledge on the plan, Dulles and Bissell asked O&E to assess…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 22 (23)
▶ 6:10 The board had long complained that the director of operations did not incorporate intelligence and analysts into the covert planning. Dulles had defended his agency and did so again in January of 1961 meeting, responding that the DO used in…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 22 (23)
▶ 6:40 Equally important, there was no evidence Alan Dulles did anything to ensure that it did. Two days after the inauguration, Project ATE received its first airing before a gaggle of officials of Kennedy's men. National Security Advisor McGeorg…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 22 (23)
▶ 7:09 went over the Cuba project with eye-opening details. For most of that day, they brought their knowledge that the US had already created a secret army of Cuban exiles. Gray had poster-sized charts and noted that the US participation was expe…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 22 (23)
▶ 7:42 President Kenney attended a full dress presentation a week after the inaugural. While his Palm Beach conversation had been exploratory, the White House meeting on January 28th was very specific. He listened, as Alan Dulles mentioned, what w…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 22 (23)
▶ 8:12 and went on to say, quote, a great increase in popular opposition, unquote. There's no evidence that that's there. Discussions focus not so much on the invasion plan as on the comparison of that with six alternatives, including economic war…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 22 (23)
▶ 8:34 The official record notes the conclusion, quote, no course of action currently authorized by the United States government will be effective in reaching the agreed national goal of overthrowing the Castro regime, unquote. It was very interes…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 22 (23)
▶ 9:04 Successfully overthrow Castro because of his control over his armed forces and the country in general, unless you had an invading force backed up by intervention of U.S. forces, unquote. JFK received the O&E estimate judging time to be on C…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 22 (23)
▶ 9:31 and State Department preparation for an anti-Castro propaganda plan to be implemented throughout Latin America. He discovered that the U.S. military had not considered the feasibility of Project ATE and directed the Joint Chiefs of Staff to…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 22 (23)
▶ 9:56 The JCS, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, were officially briefed on the CIA's plan for a conventional invasion. This provided for a landing on the south coast near the town of Trinidad and the Escambray Mountains. The Joint Chiefs of Staff offic…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 22 (23)
▶ 10:22 military evaluation of the CIA paramilitary plan Cuba. The 17 conclusions of the joint staff paper indicated continuing differences. On one hand, the military judged that if an airdrop was successful, it would take several days for Castro t…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 22 (23)
▶ 10:49 On the other hand, the chiefs concluded that the Cuban army could reduce the beachhead. What constituted a fair chance, Gray asked. He put it at best 30%. No one he heard went any higher than 40. Others estimated the chance against achievin…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 22 (23)
▶ 11:17 The military's warning implied the need for a rapid breakout from the landing site, but the CIA's own view, articulated by Jack Hawkins in a January 4th, 1961 report to Esterling, quote, policy decisions required for conduct of strike opera…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 22 (23)
▶ 11:45 Brigade 2506 should try to survive the beachhead and not break out until the time became opportune for the U.S. to intervene. Indeed, CIA planned to fly in Cuban politicians to form a provisional government while the agency planners arrange…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 22 (23)
▶ 12:15 And this is very emblematic of what they did back in the early 1900s when they stole Panama from Cuba. If you read that history, the conflicting views of military and CIA were not reconciled. And President Kennedy now lacked the supervisory…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 22 (23)
▶ 13:47 Clearly does not apply to the evening in February of 1961. Bissell brought down the house at this basic get acquainted session, introducing himself by declaring, I'm your man eating shark. But even from this dinner, the secret warriors did …
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 22 (23)
▶ 14:15 Operation Hake. American intervention remained a sensitive matter. CIA understood the need to disable Cuban air forces that could disrupt the exile landing. Although a program of exile airstrikes had been laid on, the secret warriors knew t…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 22 (23)
▶ 15:13 No, the president said emphatically. If there were any problems, the exiles would fade into the hitherland. American forces need not become overtly involved. The next day, Denison received a directive from the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Lyman L…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 22 (23)
▶ 15:46 knew that ATE could not make the planned invasion date of 5 March. Washington delayed it a month. The Guatemalans were asked to accept the delay. The military used this time to send three colonels to inspect camp tracks and other locations.…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 26 (27)
▶ 16:57 for the new Cuba project. In an effort to obscure the project, Halpern looked at a list of code names that had been set aside for Thailand and selected Mongoose. Lansdale became the man of Project Mongoose, planning and supervising this cov…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 26 (27)
▶ 18:55 Lansdale's authority to give him orders. So he wanted to have the U.S. Information Agency working under Lansdale on this project. A week after Lansdale warned Bobby of his presentation to the special group, when Lansdale actually presented …
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 26 (27)
▶ 19:25 presented an elaborate proposal. He divided the new Cuba operation into six phases to end with Castro's overthrow. Like an escalation ladder, the phases began with intelligence gathering and proceeded through more strenuous actions. Lansdal…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 26 (27)
▶ 20:52 Bundy's doodles and notes reveal that the special group talked over a number of the Cuban exiles ready to fight teams necessary for various operations, their transportation needs, hardware, and then the point when the U.S. might intervene. …
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 26 (27)
▶ 22:21 Just before the president entered, Lansdale told the group that Taylor's guidelines would preclude success. Taylor emphasized the need to gather intelligence. President Kennedy, as he had done in the Bay of Pigs, shut off discussion of U.S.…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 26 (27)
▶ 23:21 During the key mongoose briefing were CIA officers Richard Helms and William Harvey. Lansdell had asked John McCone to let them in, but the CIA director nixed the idea. McCone had made Richard Helms his lieutenant for Cuba, and the new depu…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 26 (27)
▶ 37:42 Since January, shortly thereafter, Harvey was also asked to head the CIA's in-house task force on Cuba. On the morning of January 18, 1962, a few hours before presenting Mongoose to the special group, Lansdale sent Bobby Kennedy a note, quo…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 26 (27)
▶ 37:42 Since January, shortly thereafter, Harvey was also asked to head the CIA's in-house task force on Cuba. On the morning of January 18, 1962, a few hours before presenting Mongoose to the special group, Lansdale sent Bobby Kennedy a note, quo…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 26 (27)
▶ 40:43 It was decided it lacked evidence to conclude that either Eisenhower or Kennedy had ordered an assassination. But scattered in its reports and depositions of the Rockefeller Commission and other documents, the evidence and chronology are hi…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 26 (27)
▶ 41:13 Letters for William Walker, the 19th century American adventurer who had cut a swath across Central America. Huh, we may need to look him up. I wonder if he's related to the Walker family of George H. W. Bush. Miami Station went over the co…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 26 (27)
▶ 42:13 Theodore Shackley's JM Wave had 112 exiles on board from the beginning. In addition, it had 40 CIA officers and 39 more co-located at Opelika. At any given time, there was a dozen or more special forces training exile commandos. Bob Moore a…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 26 (27)
▶ 42:47 David Morales led the paramilitary staff. Jack Corris, C-O-R-R-I-S, took charge of support. Seymour Bolton headed the political action staff. The station eventually grew larger than the one that had supported the Bay of Pigs. Soon, Shackley…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 26 (27)
▶ 44:13 a cover measure separating the individuals from any official government connection. And in this case, something that would have applied to hundreds of personnel. Clearly, Mongoose would have had the same deniability problems as the Bay of P…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 26 (27)
▶ 45:11 It also violated things like the Neutrality Act, firearm possessions, because a lot of these Cuban exiles were crooks. But we're going to train them how to be terrorists. The frequent task for JM Wave staff became bailing out or otherwise r…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 26 (27)
▶ 50:27 The JM wave people reflected the trainees. Shackley's assistant, Thomas Klein, and the CIA men like Rudy Enders, George French, Robert Wall, Edwin Wilson. You guys all remember Edwin Wilson. Holy moly. And Harold Chipman were all paramilita…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 26 (27)
▶ 51:57 The station's maritime branch had been described as huge, but the Special Forces Division remained the largest element. On March 12, 1962, Team Cobra infiltrated Pinar del Rio province, creating network active for some time. In June, AM Tor…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 26 (27)
▶ 1:00:55 Mary, M-A-R-Y, F as in Frank, E-R-R-E-L-L.org. It's very cool for cryptonyms. And I typed in the QJ win, and there's a bunch of information on it. So it's a great, cool thing for everybody's reference. Yeah, there's several of those charts …
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 27 (28)
▶ 3:27 Intelligence supports improved from what it had been a year earlier, but continued to have difficulties. Ray Klein, CIA's deputy director for intelligence, after Amory, knew of every aspect of Mongoose, save the assassination plots. Right. …
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 27 (28)
▶ 3:55 of the CIA, McCone, occasionally took Klein along to meetings. McCone solicited his advice and permitted Klein to discuss matters with his analyst. Although the director of intelligence did not write papers for the project, knowledge enable…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 27 (28)
▶ 4:25 And they overlap boundaries between political operatives and those who were supposed to evaluate Castro's chances. You're not going to get any honest input out of people who are trying to overthrow that government. Come on. Diplomatic suppo…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 27 (28)
▶ 4:54 There were restrictions that RFK had set telling McCone that Mongoose had lots of data but little to show for it. At the time, Mongoose remained mired in phase one. Lansdale worried that the agencies were protecting their interests and that…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 27 (28)
▶ 5:21 He persuaded Bill Harvey and the CIA to prepare a revised alternative course B and then went to discuss it with Bobby Kennedy. The latest plan aimed at strengthening the atmosphere of resistance in Cuba. Teams of three to five fighters woul…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 27 (28)
▶ 5:46 A strike force of about 50 commandos would conduct sabotage missions and a wide variety of psychological warfare propaganda and other means would be used to sharpen fears. Lansdell cut back Bill Harvey's prospectus, which had called for sev…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 27 (28)
▶ 6:17 did not. They were swayed by McCone, who held out the scepter of the Hungarian revolt and warned that the U.S. would risk another slaughter. In the context of the rapid buildup of Soviet forces already beginning, McCone's argument had merit…
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 27 (28)
▶ 6:46 Once the exiles were mounting sabotage missions on their own, it became even more difficult to restrain the Cubans that were working on the task force. President Kennedy reviewed the final version of this plan called B-plus and approved it …
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 27 (28)
▶ 7:15 Then why the hell are we doing it? In early September, the special group approved phase two raids against Cuba. Lansdale's list of tasks had grown to more than 50. But when Harvey recommended the commando strike at a power plant, the group …
The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 27 (28)
▶ 8:14 McComb took Shackley along to see the president. McComb figured that the station chief would provide a view from the trenches. Kennedy asked a few questions, but none of them related to the paramilitary raids. The project peaked in the mont…
Credits

Built from the work of the podcasters whose episodes this archive indexes:

Colonel Towner-Watkins X Rumble
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