FNLA organization
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Related entities (most co-mentioned)
UNITAorganization · 22Congocountry · 21Holden Robertoperson · 20Mobutu Sese Sekoperson · 18CIAintelligence service · 17Angolacountry · 16MPLAorganization · 16South Africacountry · 10United Statescountry · 8Portugalcountry · 7Gerald Fordperson · 6Luandaplace · 6Cubacountry · 5William Colbyperson · 5Soviet Unioncountry · 5Henry Kissingerperson · 5Angolan Civil Warevent · 4Cabindaplace · 4Jonas Savimbiperson · 4Phoenix Programoperation · 4Operation Gladiooperation · 3Soldier of Fortuneorganization · 3Chinacountry · 3Project AFRIENDoperation · 3
Claims (31)
CIA funded
FNLA documented
“This became the first time when the U.S. and communist China was actually working together on a covert operation. Imagine that. I thought we didn't like them. Within days of the Albor agreement, the 40 committee approved the provision to Ro…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 38 (40) @ 17:14
Holden Roberto headed
FNLA host_asserted
“Angola, blah, blah, blah. So they were hands down the best ones. So, you know, we're not going to pick them. The next group was called or were called FNLA. FNLA is the group ran by Holden Roberto.…”
▶ Operation Gladio - Angola, Portugal and arms dealers @ 14:31
Gerald Ford funded
FNLA book_quoted
“President Ford chose to intervene, supporting the FNLA and UNITA initially with $50 million, and then it just escalated from there. Given the current absence on the consensus of foreign policy, it is at least doubtful that he would have mad…”
▶ Operation Gladio - Angola, Portugal and arms dealers @ 1:09:14
South Africa funded
FNLA book_quoted
“The FNLA is now also receiving aid from Belgium, West Germany, France, the Congo, and South Africa, which of course is basically saying it's NATO. The Chinese provided assistance to Zaire and the FNLA until a few months prior to the publish…”
▶ Operation Gladio - Angola, Portugal and arms dealers @ 47:33
FNLA member_of
Secretariat host_asserted
“By 1961, the National Liberation Front internal organization had evolved into a structure and major decisions were being made by a thing called a Presidium, which was basically like a Politburo, and implemented by an element called the Secr…”
▶ Operation Gladio-Vietnam Viet Cong vs Viet Minh; Charlie @ 49:35
FNLA member_of
Kosovo Liberation Army host_asserted
“And were gaining a lot of traction and popular support because as they ramped up their activities, the French clamped down on theirs. And so it was just pushing more and more people over to the National Liberation Front movement. And that r…”
▶ Operation Gladio-Vietnam Viet Cong vs Viet Minh; Charlie @ 50:32
CIA supplied_arms_to
FNLA documented
“went off to the FNLA via Zaire before Langley even formed a task force and before the Portuguese withdrew from the airfields to receive them. By August 9th, two more loads had been sent on C-141s, while the CIA assembled shiploads of suppli…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 38 (40) @ 42:34
Mobutu Sese Seko funded
FNLA host_asserted
“in Zaire and resided there as well. He's not even in the country. In fact, Roberto showed no inclination to leave his villa to be on the front, something the U.S. was well aware of. Roberto had not been in Angola for years. Jim Schlesinger …”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 38 (40) @ 49:22
CIA supplied_arms_to
FNLA documented
“The boat's 140 trucks, several hundred radios, and 70 mortars sailed on August 30th from Charlestown for Africa aboard a freighter. Project delivery to Zaire also included a dozen M113 armored personnel carriers and about 20,000 automatic r…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 38 (40) @ 53:47
Mobutu Sese Seko diverted
FNLA book_quoted
“1,500 tons. But corruption reigned. Imagine that. Zairen shipments to the rebels included no armored vehicles. They kept them. Fewer than half the number of modern rifles the CIA gave to Mobato and more than 12,000 old M1 carbines. The FNLA…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 38 (40) @ 54:17
Mobutu Sese Seko supplied_arms_to
FNLA documented
“Meanwhile, China continued to train the FNLA almost until Independence Day. When Roberto's troops failed to show much striking power in northern Angola, Mubato sent two of his paracommando battalions. After 1,200 troops Mubato sent to Angol…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 38 (40) @ 56:15
CIA funded
FNLA documented
“praised the fighting forces of FNLA and UNITA when they weren't fighting either one of them. They were fighting Mubato and South African troops. The Zulu force represented one prong of a pincer attack on the capital. Roberto's FNLA was the …”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 38 (40) @ 1:05:32
South Africa supplied_arms_to
FNLA documented
“Finally, inside Angola, Roberto got a bit of South African help too. They got advisors and munitions. South African sources report a small CIA contingent with Roberto as well. The American consul and all remaining U.S. diplomats had left. T…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 38 (40) @ 1:06:03
CIA funded
FNLA host_asserted
“their covert actions against the MPLA was not getting them anywhere. So they were trying to broker a deal in order to gain more support and more power. So most of the FNLA aid over the years has flown through the Congo, the U.S. being the m…”
▶ Operation Gladio - Angola, Portugal and arms dealers @ 47:02
CIA covered_up
FNLA book_quoted
“ask, who is the CIA basically hiding this information from? And it says that the CIA's intervention in Angola is not a secret to the combatants there, to the leaders of the African countries, or to the Soviets. The primary victims of secrec…”
▶ Operation Gladio - Angola, Portugal and arms dealers @ 1:06:47
Ho Chi Minh founded
FNLA host_asserted
“1960 announced the formation of the National Front for Liberation of South Vietnam and called for the expulsion of all Americans. Ho Chi Minh appointed Lu Duan, D-U-A-N, Secretary General of the South Branch of the Party, and one year later…”
▶ Operation Gladio - Vietnam Phoenix Program @ 53:57
Holden Roberto headed
FNLA host_asserted
“Captivating speaker and inspiring leader, Sevembi led a competent political organization that had grassroots. Much of Roberto's support, in contrast, resided in the refugee camps in the Congo slash Zaire. With the South Africans of the Zulu…”
▶ The Colonels Corner_ Presidents’ Secret Wars chapter 16 continued @ 37:01
Gerald Ford funded
FNLA host_asserted
“Ultimately, from that moment, they decided not to allow the CIA advisors into combat. President Ford approved another $7 million in military aid, and any further money would have to have come from Congress, which we know is a lie because th…”
▶ The Colonels Corner_ Presidents’ Secret Wars chapter 16 continued @ 42:18
Gerald Ford funded
FNLA host_asserted
“of Ambassador Davis's resignation. Dick Clark Amendment passed the House of Representatives in January 1976, as Kissinger failed in Moscow to inject the Angola issue into a superpower meetings on arm control. The legislation was signed into…”
▶ The Colonels Corner_ Presidents’ Secret Wars chapter 16 continued @ 46:55
Costa Georgiou member_of
FNLA host_asserted
“For the first time, a covert action had been halted by congressional order. The last calamity was reserved for the FNLA mercenaries. Generally an undisciplined lot, the mercenaries were also self-styled colonels and an enlisted veteran of t…”
▶ The Colonels Corner_ Presidents’ Secret Wars chapter 16 continued @ 47:22
CIA recruited
FNLA host_asserted
“The CIA had a parallel effort going to recruit mercenaries in Portugal, which, by the way, is Operation Gladio. This yielded about 300 men who were sent to the FNLA. Through French intelligence, which also contributed ammunition for helicop…”
▶ The Colonels Corner_ Presidents’ Secret Wars chapter 16 continued @ 40:21
CIA trained
FNLA host_asserted
“who recruited 20 mercenaries for UNITA. Another 40 were sent to UNITA by BOSS. Instructions supposedly prohibiting Americans from working inside Angola were disregarded by an Army mobile training team at FNLA headquarters in Ambriz and by C…”
▶ The Colonels Corner_ Presidents’ Secret Wars chapter 16 continued @ 40:50
CIA supplied_arms_to
FNLA book_quoted
“Operation feature went forward as a very high priority. This is Angola people. The operation was so urgent, in fact, that the first plane load of weapons was on its way to the FNLA via Zaire, or the Congo, before Langley even formed the tas…”
▶ The Colonels Corner_ Presidents’ Secret Wars chapter 16 continued @ 27:03
China funded
FNLA book_quoted
“The FNLA is now also receiving aid from Belgium, West Germany, France, the Congo, and South Africa, which of course is basically saying it's NATO. The Chinese provided assistance to Zaire and the FNLA until a few months prior to the publish…”
▶ Operation Gladio - Angola, Portugal and arms dealers @ 47:33
Holden Roberto headed
FNLA host_asserted
“And most recently, since the spring of 1975, that the Soviets began truly providing any level of assistance. And the most Cuban advisors, quote unquote advisors, that went to Angola was a total of 3,000. The FNLA, which is the one Holden Ro…”
▶ Operation Gladio - Angola, Portugal and arms dealers @ 45:35
FNLA member_of
Presidium host_asserted
“By 1961, the National Liberation Front internal organization had evolved into a structure and major decisions were being made by a thing called a Presidium, which was basically like a Politburo, and implemented by an element called the Secr…”
▶ Operation Gladio-Vietnam Viet Cong vs Viet Minh; Charlie @ 49:35
Mobutu Sese Seko supplied_arms_to
FNLA book_quoted
“feature deliveries to Zaire also included a dozen M113 armored personnel carriers and 17,000 rifles. Zaire shipments to UNITA and FNLA, however, included no APCs, armored personnel carriers, only 7,000 automatic rifles, and more than 12,000…”
▶ The Colonels Corner_ Presidents’ Secret Wars chapter 16 continued @ 32:48
CIA recruited
FNLA documented
“The Senate Select Committee on Intelligence went on to do a year-long investigation of Project Feature. In the spring of 78, it concluded that the Ford administration had misled Congress on the scope of the operation, not revealing some act…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 39 (41) @ 14:47
Mobutu Sese Seko funded
FNLA host_asserted
“Mubato, who funded a separatist movement in Cabinda, began stirring up trouble there as well. It's just the CIA on a different front. As early as October 1974, Mubato's planes started flying FNLA soldiers to the capital to attack it. At thi…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 38 (40) @ 19:52
South Africa supplied_arms_to
FNLA host_asserted
“millions of dollars of weapons to him. Well, not directly to them, to Zaire Mubatu and via South Africa. They never had a battle. He never saw a Cuban. Diakou cut a swath of murder and rampage across Zaire and Angola, culminating in the exe…”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 39 (41) @ 10:15
Costa Giorgigo headed
FNLA host_asserted
“Calamity befall the FNLA mercenaries, generally an undisciplined lot. They arrived in buses, ragtag clothing, and old weapons. As Dave Tompkins said, there were no maps. The mercenaries were led by a self-styled colonel who was an enlisted …”
▶ The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy Part 39 (41) @ 9:16
Mentions (76)
▶ 14:31
Angola, blah, blah, blah. So they were hands down the best ones. So, you know, we're not going to pick them. The next group was called or were called FNLA. FNLA is the group ran by Holden Roberto.…
▶ 16:05
of katanga and all of the natural resources so he's basically a drug lord a weapons lord um taking uh diamonds out of the country illegally he's he's a crook so you know damn well that's who the cia is going to fund in this whole thing and …
▶ 26:49
of the three movements, meaning that they would be able to govern more fairly. Netto and most of the top cadre were Mbundu, but the MPLA welcomed many different tribes, unlike the FMLN, which consisted of only one tribe, and UNITA, which co…
▶ 27:45
Unfortunately, the CIA's association with the FNLA and UNITA tainted its analysis, as is frequently the case when intelligence collections and analysis are wedded to covert action programs, objectivity and truth become victims of political …
▶ 31:07
I admit that I developed a bias against the FNLA and its leaders, which I never tried to hide. Its ties to MUBATO, the CIA-installed stooge in the Congo, merely added to my assessment that this organization was led by corrupt, unprincipled …
▶ 31:35
only served to reinforce my opinion. I was disgusted by the briefings and my meetings with FNLA leaders and contacts. As an aside, which underlines my assessment, FNLA contact in Luanda tried unsuccessfully to use our sensitive facilities t…
▶ 45:35
And most recently, since the spring of 1975, that the Soviets began truly providing any level of assistance. And the most Cuban advisors, quote unquote advisors, that went to Angola was a total of 3,000. The FNLA, which is the one Holden Ro…
▶ 46:36
Most of the territory controlled by the FNLA is in the north, all along the Congo border. On November 11th, the FNLA and the third independent group, UNITA, formalized an alliance that basically, if you read other stories, was brokered by t…
▶ 47:02
their covert actions against the MPLA was not getting them anywhere. So they were trying to broker a deal in order to gain more support and more power. So most of the FNLA aid over the years has flown through the Congo, the U.S. being the m…
▶ 47:33
The FNLA is now also receiving aid from Belgium, West Germany, France, the Congo, and South Africa, which of course is basically saying it's NATO. The Chinese provided assistance to Zaire and the FNLA until a few months prior to the publish…
▶ 1:01:14
moving deeper into angola and keep in mind the unina people were on the south part of so they're basically the south african units are going to be falling in on the cia supported unina people the fnla is up in the northeast and the mpla are…
▶ 1:05:17
Africa at the time. And again, this is back in the 1970s. Uganda's President Idi Amin, who had severely criticized the Soviet intervention in Angola, warned the FNLA and UNINA that the African states may have to review their positions on th…
▶ 1:09:14
President Ford chose to intervene, supporting the FNLA and UNITA initially with $50 million, and then it just escalated from there. Given the current absence on the consensus of foreign policy, it is at least doubtful that he would have mad…
▶ 53:26
This purge sent the Buddhists underground and into alliance with Ho Chi Minh and what was called the Buddhist crisis ensued, resulting, basically causing the demise of the regime of Dem. Sensing that Dem was on the ropes and bolstered by th…
▶ 48:33
became more formalized by the creation of what was called the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam. And just so that you know, they had a National Front of Liberation for the entire country that was ignored after World War II.…
▶ 49:03
After his formation, they came up with a, let's see, they came up with another version of basically that 10-point program we've already went over, which was to kick out the imperialists, blah, blah, blah. And there were people flocking to t…
▶ 50:32
And were gaining a lot of traction and popular support because as they ramped up their activities, the French clamped down on theirs. And so it was just pushing more and more people over to the National Liberation Front movement. And that r…
▶ 53:31
about the double standards that are being thrust upon them. Again, very, very important. Thousands of South Vietnamese feel marginalized and dispossessed because of the corruption and the brutality of the Dem regime that is being propped up…
▶ 54:00
They are given other things. And I just explained to you, like in the digging of the tunnels, they were given roles in order to support the war effort, whether it was providing food, providing like a hiding place for people that are on the …
▶ 54:30
The National Liberation Front is setting up bombing, sabotage of Dems regime. They're launching attacks and they're destroying the property of the French that they are using to conduct the suppression of the people in the South. And they ba…
▶ 56:54
Information about the guy, Le Duan, who was kind of like the military leader. Because he, let's see, during the 1940s and 50s, he basically, as I stated earlier, was kind of Ho Chi Minh's guy in the South.…
▶ 11:16
That had been beating up on the majority tribe and dad just left. And when dad left, the majority is going to win. It's just a matter of how many dead bodies are going to be laying around when that happens. The Popular Movement for the Libe…
▶ 14:37
All right, the FNLA was made up of the Bakongo tribe. Of about 700,000, more than half of them had fled to Zaire early in the anti-Portuguese war because they had already fought their war. Holden Roberto, an educated Christian of peasant st…
▶ 15:43
but were not allied. Except for the Cold War, Angola would have reached independence without anyone taking much notice. During the period of the revolution, the CIA had played both sides, as they always do. They had funded Holden Roberto as…
▶ 16:43
They want to manipulate the outcome. When the Portuguese coup occurred, the CIA formed a special task force, but its purpose was to influence the events in Portugal, not Angola. Both, actually. The connection with Roberto had been maintaine…
▶ 21:21
President Ford quickly confirmed the decision, and with the additional aid, Roberto took a very hard line and in February ordered his FNLA troops to attack MPLA Padre that was in the capital. In one instance in early March, 50 unarmed MPLA …
▶ 27:03
Operation feature went forward as a very high priority. This is Angola people. The operation was so urgent, in fact, that the first plane load of weapons was on its way to the FNLA via Zaire, or the Congo, before Langley even formed the tas…
▶ 29:02
We've been given a job to do. Let's not sit around wringing our hands. John Stockwell was then dispatched on a two-week fact-finding mission to Zaire, or Congo, in Angola. He visited both Roberto and Savimbi. It emerged that Savimbi was by …
▶ 29:58
was going to be attacked. By the time Stockwell reappeared at Langley, Operation Feature was already in motion. Mobato was critical of the operation since CIA arms shipments were technically supposed to replace Zaire's arsenal, while Mobato…
▶ 31:27
It's just it's crazy the amount of weapons trafficking that goes on. OK. Relations with FNLA and Mubato were handled by the chief of station. The chief of station in Angola dealt with UNITA. So they're going to have two chief of stations wo…
▶ 31:57
they're going to operate with one faction of this civil war. And the station chief that's actually in Angola is going to work with UNITA. The Americans acquired two swift boats for FNLA and solved a quandary of how to get an air force by th…
▶ 32:25
who brought airplanes in with them. Eight assorted light planes were contracted, commandeered, and diverted. The swift boats, 140 trucks, 300 radios, and 70 mortars sailed from Charlestown for Africa on August 30th aboard a freighter called…
▶ 32:48
feature deliveries to Zaire also included a dozen M113 armored personnel carriers and 17,000 rifles. Zaire shipments to UNITA and FNLA, however, included no APCs, armored personnel carriers, only 7,000 automatic rifles, and more than 12,000…
▶ 33:17
successfully used the opportunity to rearm his forces. And when Holden Roberto's troops failed to show any strike power at all, Mubato was willing to commit two of his paracommando battalions and a detachment of 10 hand-hard armored cars in…
▶ 33:47
To the same forces the CIA's arming at this point, the FNLA. Even more ominous for South Africa, both through its armed forces and its intelligence services, the Bureau of State Security, called BOSS, B-O-S-S. After BOSS quietly provided mo…
▶ 38:53
These developments had been anticipated in the original June Interagency Intervention Study and had now come to pass. Again, another proxy war. In the northern Angola area, the FNLA failed to capture the isolated enclave of Cabinda. That wa…
▶ 40:21
The CIA had a parallel effort going to recruit mercenaries in Portugal, which, by the way, is Operation Gladio. This yielded about 300 men who were sent to the FNLA. Through French intelligence, which also contributed ammunition for helicop…
▶ 40:50
who recruited 20 mercenaries for UNITA. Another 40 were sent to UNITA by BOSS. Instructions supposedly prohibiting Americans from working inside Angola were disregarded by an Army mobile training team at FNLA headquarters in Ambriz and by C…
▶ 47:22
For the first time, a covert action had been halted by congressional order. The last calamity was reserved for the FNLA mercenaries. Generally an undisciplined lot, the mercenaries were also self-styled colonels and an enlisted veteran of t…
▶ 47:52
was unbalanced in the opinion of many of the mercenaries that worked alongside of him. The FNLA mercenary campaign was cut, was basically notorious for their murder and rampaging across Angola, culminating in a military-style execution of m…
▶ 12:49
book on the bad guys, essentially to create a database on just who belonged to the National Liberation Front and where they stood in the parallel hierarchy. After the consideration at Langley, not only did Colby, but Helms and the new agenc…
▶ 13:19
and exploitation. He definitely was exploiting the Vietnamese people. It was a direct precursor to the Phoenix program. Hart, temporarily sidelined by eye problems from strenuously playing tennis, did not participate in the late 1967 meetin…
▶ 15:30
Colby succeeded to the top job when his boss, Robert Comer, became the U.S. ambassador to Turkey. Turkey, the one with the largest stay-behind unit. As a result, it would be Colby who presided over cords in the Phoenix program. Although muc…
▶ 17:38
much like those that had happened on Laos, in which Colby was beset with critics. He returned to the US in 71, his future at every turn dogged by his participation in the Phoenix program. Phoenix piled up some impressive statistics. During …
▶ 18:10
for the National Liberation Front. Of those 20,000, at least 6,000 were killed. In 1971, Colby told a Senate hearing that there had been more than 20,000 killed in all, among 30,000 people that had been imprisoned and about 18,000 that had …
▶ 12:07
had ethnic overtones. The Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola, MPLA, by its Portuguese initials. The National Front for Liberation of Angola, FNLA, and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola, UNITA, all espoused v…
▶ 13:11
came from the Congo. It had about 700,000 people, many of which had fled to Zaire during the Portuguese resistance war. Holden Roberto was an educated Christian and founded the FNLA in 1954. The CIA had known him since 1953, and he had been…
▶ 16:45
But in 1974, the CIA had increased its support. At the time, the FNLA main backing had come from China, arming Roberto's troops and training them in Zaire. With a unit of more than 100 military advisors in camps, that dictator Joseph Mubatu…
▶ 17:14
This became the first time when the U.S. and communist China was actually working together on a covert operation. Imagine that. I thought we didn't like them. Within days of the Albor agreement, the 40 committee approved the provision to Ro…
▶ 17:43
President Ford quickly approved this money. The project amounted to a political action, enabling the FNLA to get a leg up in the elections. The CIA funded a printing press to create a newspaper. They gave them equipment to set up a radio st…
▶ 18:49
50 unarmed MPLA activists were killed, gunned down in the street. These attacks, emboldened by CIA support, ended any possibility of a coalition government. Thus, both the initial CIA subsidy and the outbreak of fighting predated any appeal…
▶ 19:21
And combat began with the U.S.-backed FNLA movement, not the MPLA. In addition, Zaire's president, Mubato, and he's on the CIA payroll. Remember, this is the guy that Devlin, the CIA station chief, goes back and works for. He's actually bur…
▶ 19:52
Mubato, who funded a separatist movement in Cabinda, began stirring up trouble there as well. It's just the CIA on a different front. As early as October 1974, Mubato's planes started flying FNLA soldiers to the capital to attack it. At thi…
▶ 27:25
In preparation for the NSC meeting, Kissinger sent two senior Africanists to the front lines states to survey the situation. They returned to tell the secretary that Mubato favored intervention in support of the FNLA and would commit his ow…
▶ 28:56
meaning increasing involvement, is recorded here. Quote, active support of the FNLA and UNITA could enable us to check the momentum of quote unquote leftist forces and to facilitate assertion of control by pro-Western moderates. The guys th…
▶ 31:01
You just can't say that. The NSC meeting itself opened with Director Colby describing the situation in Angola. Colby warned that the MPLA-FNLA standoff in Luanda. New fighting could break out at any time, he said. It was a 10-box where MPLA…
▶ 38:01
The CIA, like the State Department, worried of exposure while estimating a $100 million price tag, an amount not available in the contingency fund. While Langley refined details, the press reported FNLA forces completely driven from the Cap…
▶ 42:02
as the station chief in Athens, where Langley's headaches were from Greek colonels who had taken over the government. Another CIA collusion story. That had been his second Greek assignment. Potts had tired of political action, but Angola of…
▶ 48:49
had taken on momentum of its own. In all, Langley had put 100 secret warriors into the battle. Mubato would be critical. When the MPLA in control of Angola's main seaports and railroads, the CIA supplies had to enter through Zaire or South …
▶ 49:22
in Zaire and resided there as well. He's not even in the country. In fact, Roberto showed no inclination to leave his villa to be on the front, something the U.S. was well aware of. Roberto had not been in Angola for years. Jim Schlesinger …
▶ 51:51
John Stockwell fought alongside the Hmong in Laos and had also been in service with Methvin. But their relations soured over Project Feature. Stockwell saw Methvin as far too willing to pander to Joseph Mubato, presiding over payoffs and ba…
▶ 53:23
In one instance, Methvin went along with Mubato's demands for $2 million from the CIA to buy a Ziaran C-130 worth less than a third of that, though Langley rejected the scam. The Americans also acquired a pair of swift boats for the FNLA to…
▶ 54:17
1,500 tons. But corruption reigned. Imagine that. Zairen shipments to the rebels included no armored vehicles. They kept them. Fewer than half the number of modern rifles the CIA gave to Mobato and more than 12,000 old M1 carbines. The FNLA…
▶ 56:15
Meanwhile, China continued to train the FNLA almost until Independence Day. When Roberto's troops failed to show much striking power in northern Angola, Mubato sent two of his paracommando battalions. After 1,200 troops Mubato sent to Angol…
▶ 1:05:04
The Cuban military mission became active in late August, planning to operate four training detachments. The Cuban advisors of one of these participated in combat towards the end of October. A few dozen men compared to the Zulu force of well…
▶ 1:05:32
praised the fighting forces of FNLA and UNITA when they weren't fighting either one of them. They were fighting Mubato and South African troops. The Zulu force represented one prong of a pincer attack on the capital. Roberto's FNLA was the …
▶ 1:06:56
The reporter believes that Castro moved when he heard that South Africa had intervened. The Cuban unit went into the lines defending Luanda from the FNLA. The MPLA and the Cubans blunted Roberto's attack. The South African advance stalled. …
▶ 1:07:26
the city. Henry Kissinger cites a CIA report to the 40 committee on November 5th as showing that FNLA and UNITA were on the cusp of victory. But what he quotes showed a static picture, a list of ports and capitals controlled. The report its…
▶ 1:09:29
In northern Angola, the FNLA failed to capture the isolated enclave of Cabinda, seat of the oil production. Cubans and MPLA forces began to push back the FNLA. Holden Roberto tried to raise more mercenaries to stiffen his army. Roberto offe…
▶ 1:10:00
In the U.S., the recruiter was David Floyd Buffkin, a former pilot and California crop duster. Various reported to have received cash from either Roberto or the CIA. Mercenary recruiting used the grapevine plus newspaper ads. Burkins also a…
▶ 1:10:56
The CIA contracted longtime soldier of fortune, Robert Denard. And by the way, the Portugal people that participated, a lot of them were from Agenda Press, which is Portugal's Gladio people. Robert Denard recruited 20 mercenaries for UNITA.…
▶ 1:11:26
Americans from working inside Angola were spurred by a fresh army mobile training team from FNLA headquarters. Washington viewed the worsening situation with alarm. On November 27th, Ford authorized another $7 million. That exhausted the CI…
▶ 9:16
Calamity befall the FNLA mercenaries, generally an undisciplined lot. They arrived in buses, ragtag clothing, and old weapons. As Dave Tompkins said, there were no maps. The mercenaries were led by a self-styled colonel who was an enlisted …
▶ 9:43
of the British Parachute Regiment, who called himself Costa Giorgigo. Unbalanced, in the opinion of some, a good trooper, according to others, he had only 50 or 60 men. Tompkins understood that they, plus some black troops with them, were t…
▶ 18:43
Ford and Kissinger heard lots of advice to steer clear, yet chose to go straight for disaster. As for America and democracy, the Ford administration acted against it. There is no doubt that Roberto's FNLA and Zebembe's United and Netto's MP…
▶ 4:34
It's worked to be the elimination of foreign politicians. It doesn't like, because of course the CIA does that too. The Cuban exile, Frank Castro, was a member of the infamous Brigade 2506, which of course put him in close contact with Feli…