The Colonel’s Corner Safe for Democracy Part 16 (17)

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Transcript

0:00 Hello, Bridget. Good afternoon, Colonel. How are you? I'm great. How are you? Still fighting the creeping crud. But I tell you what, they unleashed one more biological weapon on us. I am just about freaking done with them. I don't blame you. My husband almost went into pneumonia, and now mine almost went into pneumonia. Oh, my gosh.

0:26 And we have other people all around us getting pneumonia, and even one that passed away from it. Holy crap, Bridget. Gotta love the biological weapons, but I'm tougher. Holy crap. Just being refined by fire. You know? I don't want any of that fire. Yep. Well, thankfully we had, I had, you know, God gives you graces.

0:52 He had put it in my head to get one of those emergency kit deals. Right. We had antibiotics on hand right from the beginning and ivermectin. Cool. And steroids to keep it out of our lungs. But it was just by that that we went through it. But it's, you know, grace of God. Always watching over us. Amazing. So I want to extend an apology to everyone.

1:23 for Friday and missing our show. However, I do want to explain why. So I told you guys on Thursday that I had the interview with Drea DiMaggio on Friday. Well, what I thought was going to be an hour and a half interview, which is normally what they run, it turned into a four-hour conversation. Four hours.

1:54 later um and we will be doing additional uh shows so take that for whatever it's worth she was an amazing person to get to know um her family is obviously italian and she starred in the sopranos and the

2:21 kind of the conversation, because that's basically what it was. It wasn't even really an interview, just kind of went all over the place. And obviously she has lots of interest given her family background and the fact that a lot of Operation Gladio, hence the name, and what we know about it came from Italy. So it was very, very interesting. I'll just say that. And as you can tell from the backdrop,

2:52 We are on vacation down in Fort Pierce with some friends. And so I'll be doing the show from down here. And I do plan to try to keep this on schedule this week. I'm telling you, I have to tell you one thing. I do. I'm so jealous of your ice cream. I just had to say that. So jealous of my what? Ice cream. You posted about your ice cream post. That was just gruesome. It was awesome.

3:21 My gosh. And I am not kidding. That stuff is addictive. So I am glad on one hand that it's a limited edition and they need to stop making it right now. Because it is the best ice cream I've ever had. I'm a praline freak. For those of you guys who don't know, that's kind of like my one.

3:50 I used to love sweet tarts too, but I don't eat them at all anymore. But I will have, especially when I go to Savannah or Biloxi, there's a lady in Biloxi that makes homemade pralines. And I know exactly where her store is. So I do cheat a little bit when it comes to pralines. Pralines is about the only cheat that I have. So when they put pralines in ice cream and then put caramel, I'm like, I'm done. So anyway.

4:20 Yes, it was funny. My husband, I'm like, what's it feel like to be a crack dealer? When he got home, giving out ice cream to our neighbors. That was awesome. Yeah. So anyway, I have to keep a sense of humor with all of the crap that we discuss. All right, let's dig in. We're in Tibet. And that's kind of where we left off on Thursday. So we're gonna...

4:49 start from there. We're in February of 1956, and we were talking about the CIA operation of recruiting Tibetans to create stay-behind units. So in late February, in the third week of the Tibetan New Year celebration, the PLA suddenly laid siege to a monastery.

5:19 It was crowded with monks. A couple thousand more were in for the festivities. There were merchants and townspeople, about 8,000 in all. They put up a stiff resistance. The Chinese besieged the place for 64 days, culminating in strikes by jets. The first in the Tibetan War. The next day, the PLA occupied Letang.

5:50 which is where this was. Many died. A few thousand escaped. Letang became a Chinese scorched earth strategy designed to break the theocracy. Instead, Tibetans united to resist them. For the Chinese communists, the Tibetan War was a struggle for control of the roads. The roads were the substance as well as the symbol of Mao's arrival throughout the province post-

6:20 defended the roads at 20-mile intervals. Just manning these required 40,000 PLA troops, plus half that number in militia. The roads determined the capability of the PLA. They quickly became the main target. Tibet's soldiers of the fortress created raids on these posts.

6:50 It was estimated in 1957 that the main Tibetan force with 80,000 partisans with another 10,000 bandits and local tribesmen were arrayed against the Chinese. One of Chow Enlai's promises to the Dalai Lama had been withdrawn. A few party cadres pulled out, but many more Han specialists and farmers.

7:19 came to Tibet in a sort of colonization program. The PLA removed most soldiers from central Tibet. But instead of transporting them to the interior of China, the army reinforced them at some outpost. Soon the PLA had 14 divisions fighting the partisans. The Chinese strengthened their supply system in 1957 by opening a major truck maintenance shop.

7:49 in Lhasa. Not even these measured stemmed partisans' success, especially by the Kampas, who by 1958 claimed to have ejected the Han from all the Southeast area in Tibet. The partisan leader claimed 40,000 PLA soldiers had been killed. After September 57, CIA radio teams provided communications.

8:19 to the partisans. In central Tibet, a partisan unit under Ardo Leshe was the recipient of some of the earliest American airdrops. They guarded these and the rebels depended on the bulk of these airdrops for their ammunition. Now, I want you guys to understand the wording here.

8:49 And it's consistent with news reports at the time. They're called partisans and rebels. Why is that? Why are they not called guerrillas? Because the indigenous people that fought in Chile and Brazil, they were all called guerrillas. It's because the CIA is aiding these people. So you can't call them guerrillas. You can't call them anything but rebels and partisans.

9:20 And this is very important for the information warfare that goes on today. You have to understand the terminology that is used. So when the CIA is supporting the overthrow of a government, they are rebels and partisans. When the CIA is supporting the government against the partisans and rebels, those people are referred to as guerrillas.

9:51 insurgents. Even though they live there, they're not insurgents in the typical word. But if you don't call them insurgents, you can't have counterinsurgent operations by the U.S. military because then it looks like you're killing indigenous people, the rebels. So terminology is very, very important. Okay, continuing on.

10:22 After September 57, the CIA trained Tibetans were a couple of self-contained teams. One was linked to the major resistance area. Warfare brought cleavages to the Tibetan society. The nonviolent Buddhist Tibetans had a moral problem in choosing war against the Hans.

10:52 The PLA helped resolve these qualms by bombing the monasteries. Ultimately, even the monks took sides. The Panshin Lama, Tibet's second most important religious leader, cast his lot with the Chinese. But most lamas took the rebel side. This was the case at Dupreung Monastery, one of Tibet's largest, which sheltered survivors.

11:23 after the siege of Letang. One of the monks remembered later, quote, I saw the rebels' weapons, guns, and rifles come in by night, night after night. At first, the weapons were not from the CIA. Project Circus Air Operations, codename Barnum, initially ran on a shoestring. The landing of two agents, Ashtar and Klaus.

11:56 with the first air mission on October 20, 1957, required a modified B-17 aircraft flown from Taiwan. Agency officers, meaning the CIA, Roger McCarthy, went along to mine them. Thor's rug, as he would also be involved in Project Hague, used expats and Polish flyers.

12:27 They brought them to Tibet, well, to Taiwan, to fly the missions into Tibet from Wiesbaden, Germany. A month later, the CIA dropped three more agents into Tibet. The procedures were insufficient for the long haul. The Air Force had abolished the ARC wings, which are the ones they were using to hide the U-2 flights in the Asian theater, in 1956.

12:56 with leftovers of the units that had been at Clark Air Base and had moved to Okinawa. It then became the 322nd Troop Carrier Squadron Medium Special, meaning Special Ops. This unit was used with a mix of aircraft, including B-29s. It's Super Spooky Detachment 1, which the CIA favored,

13:28 and financed, flew C-118s plus a couple of the modified C-54s. Reconstruction using parts from other aircraft made them untraceable to the CIA. They were modified with extra fuel tanks for long distance. The value of the Air Force cooperation with the CIA is shown by January 1958 and the agency's recommendation

13:58 which was awarded to Colonel Fletcher Prouty on the air staff for coordinating all of it. For the first Tibetan supply drop in July of 58, the agency replaced the Air Force crew with a civil air transport crew, meaning CIA. In a revealing cultural change, once the flights began, clothing made of parachute material became a supplemental

14:33 because of what it was made out of in Tibet, because it could be traced to the U.S. Getting those cases of weapons into the Himalayas became easier with the development of aircraft technology. At the time of the Hungarian crisis, President Eisenhower thought that the nation was inaccessible, meaning Tibet.

15:02 But in December 1956, the C-130 Hercules was produced by Lockheed. It began flying for the United States Air Force. And more than anything else, it made it possible to expand the CIA's secret warfare. This remarkable airplane could make extended flights more than 2,400 miles from Bangkok.

15:32 and still carry sufficient load, up to 22 tons of weaponry, which was almost five times the C-118's load capacity. Civil Air Transport did not own any of these aircraft initially, but in March of 59, the Civil Air Transport mushroomed into Air America. It's 200 missions over Chinese mainland.

16:09 before 1961 included Operation Barnum Flights. The C-130s that were flown in the Far East belonged to the Air Force. In fact, the 322nd Squadron had many of them. General Erskine controlled them from the Pentagon. Deputy Director Cabell of the CIA approached the Air Force, General Curtis LeMay,

16:43 the use of these aircraft. They would borrow them from Erskine for their missions. More than a year passed during this operation or the coordination of it. It took about a year for all of the kinks to be worked out. Highly qualified crews were vital to the Tibet mission. These had to be made at low altitude ascending the Himalayas.

17:14 and then finding remote drop zones without the benefit of radio navigation beacons. Navigators used star fixes instead of the unreliable radio navigation beacons because of the mountains. Atmospheric conditions made late fall months optimal. Range considerations dictated routes entering China from Vietnam.

17:49 Otherwise, they had to stage through airfields in Thailand and East Pakistan, which is Bangladesh today. Emergency landings in India were possible but couldn't be counted on. A typical flight would carry palletized cargo for a drop and perhaps some Tibetans to be parachuted in, you know, like the ones returning from their training camps from the CIA.

18:19 Crews compromise the pilot, usually two co-pilots and a pair of navigators and a crew chief on these missions. At least a dozen former forest firefighters or smokejumpers were also hired by the CIA. Many called themselves Missoula Mafia because they came from Montana. Project Barnum included 44 of these.

18:50 highly dangerous missions. The CIA's failure in Indonesia became a perverse boon to the Tibetan secret war. Stocks of weapons and equipment the agency had assembled for Indonesia got diverted to Tibet. Their battle flag, first raised in June 16, 1958, appeared before a portrait of the Dalai Lama. The force would be known as

19:24 I'm not going to try to pronounce the Chinese name for it, but it translates into National Volunteer Defense Army, NVDA. Its creation ushered in the most intense phase of the Tibetan War. Just a few weeks later, Frank Hollaber traveled to India to meet secretly with the Tibetan agent Akhtar. Although the NVDA was a unified resistance army,

19:57 opposition to the Han had yet to become universal. The fighters were still drawn mostly from Kam and Amdo. That's the areas of Tibet where they came from. Resistance in central Tibet was largely held in check by one man, the Dalai Lama. The new phase of the secret war began with a struggle for the heart of that man, Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama.

20:28 embodied the spirit and wisdom of his people. According to tradition, the Dalai Lama, as well as his colleagues, the Paschen Lama, are incarnations of the former, I don't know what that word is, but the reincarnations, they just kind of passed that designation down. Tensen Gyatso tried

20:58 not to take sides. He worked with the Chinese to the extent necessary, but several times refused to call out the Tibetan army to help the PLA. On the other hand, the Dalai Lama denounced resistance, advising Tibetans not to get involved. Gyatso permitted the dismissal of his own cabinet in favor of officials accepting to the Han.

21:23 The NVDA leadership knew the Dalai Lama must be enlisted for an effective national resistance. And by early 1959, many of the clerics or heads of their local Buddhist movement said that he was a virtual prisoner. Tibetans wanted to save the Dalai Lama.

21:52 Late in 1958, the NDBA began an offensive into central Tibet. The partisans attacked Han garrisons. By December, the PLA post, they were attacking within 25 miles of Lhasa. In late January or early February 59, the PLA garrison at Tung Seng, 30 miles from Lhasa, fell to the Tibetan rebels.

22:25 For the first time, the NDVA had a presence close to the capital. The Chinese sought to make the Dalai Lama a hostage. They invited the Tibetan leader to a dramatic presentation at a compound of the PLA military area command. They also had senior advisors to the Dalai Lama, who were, some of them were secretly aiding the NVDA.

22:59 And this was interpreted as a device to capture the Dalai Lama. So they urged him not to go. The Dalai Lama made excuses not to go to the Chinese compound. Then a crowd surrounded the palace where he had been hiding out. On March 10th of 1959, 30,000 Tibetans demonstrated, shouting that their religious leader must be protected.

23:29 in the streets died, stoned to death. Over the following days, tension began to mount. There were mass demonstrations. The PLA's garrison of perhaps 40,000 troops strengthened its fortifications around the city. One later wrote, quote, I felt as if I was standing between two volcanoes, each likely to erupt at any moment, unquote.

23:57 On March 15th, Chinese troops appeared outside the Dalai Lama's palace. His guards had been kept from shooting. On the 17th, as the Tibetan leader met with his cabinet, two mortar shells exploded nearby. That fateful Tuesday, the Dalai Lama fled. That night, three groups, the leader, his immediate family, and senior advisors all escaped.

24:29 left disguised as a common soldier of the guard. In order to avoid attracting attention, the group carried nothing with them. Over subsequent days, between 8,000 and 13,000 citizens left the capital. On March 20th, General Tan ordered open hostilities, stimulating the exodus. Only then did the Chinese command realize the Dalai Lama had disappeared.

24:59 The French explorer and scholar Michael Piasel describes these events as one of the strangest and most ill-understood coups of recent times. Under its top leader, General Tashi Antrasong, the NVDA's offensive drove within miles of the capital, timed precisely to place a protective force near the capital just as the Dalai Lama left.

25:29 Partisan units formed a rear guard behind the party through its trek to the Indian border region and also created a diversion for the PLA. On November 1st, 1958, Gordon Gray sent a note to the NSC executive secretary, James Lay. It read, quote, if as a result of the new social experiment in communist China, there should be some sort of revolt.

25:59 is our policy clear as to what course of action we should follow, unquote. In fact, Washington had anticipated only limited potential from the Tibetan rebellion, as indeed from any operation against the People's Republic of China. That spring, the administration pointedly rejected a nationalist Chinese proposal for a paramilitary parallel effort to Project Circus.

26:29 The secret survey of the possibilities of uprisings done for Eisenhower in the summer of 59 by Assistant Secretary of State Graham Parsons made this clear. Regarding Tibet, the survey predicted that, quote,

26:59 dissident activities. However, the Chinese communists probably have the capability of preventing a prolonged rebellion, except in the most isolated areas and of containing it, unquote. At the same time, peasant uprisings in central China were deemed unlikely. The survey also said the nationalists greatly exaggerated their ability to intervene in the mainland.

27:30 the Nationalists being the Chiang Kai-shek's KMT army. Though the State Department believed it, quote, by no means suicidal, unquote, of Chiang Kai-shek to contemplate such raids. Despite limited possibilities, the 5412 group considered Gordon Gray's question in secret deliberations. Classified memorandum from

27:59 Alan Dulles to President Eisenhower dated January 22nd and March 3rd of 1959 concerned Tibet. The president's staff secretary reported that the CIA and State Department intelligence reports, quote, the Tibetan uprisings apparently have resulted in a considerable loss of prestige for the communist China in India, unquote. India's opinion was crucial since Nehru

28:28 had turned aside the Dalai Lama's request for political asylum three years earlier. In July of 58, the Chinese again made issue with the Indians over this resistance that was going on inside of China. But by then, Nehru too had chosen sides. He rejected the Chinese. In New Delhi,

28:55 The parliamentary debates ignited by the Dalai Lama's journey, the prime minister went out of his way to defend Tibetans, denying the village was a command center for the NVDA, which he knew was not true. One exchange in a debate on April 2nd, 1959 is revealing. After Nehru talked about that area, he was asked, what is...

29:28 the home ministry doing about it? It seems to be absolutely ineffective. Nehru replied, quote, the home ministry or external affairs ministry are not at all worried about the situation, unquote. Another member asked incredulously, they allow the spies to conduct espionage? The prime minister said, yes, of course. In another debate,

29:59 The prime minister explained that India's first news of the events of the Tibetan capital had been a message from the consul general on March 10th, which had arrived the next day. But the New Delhi Journal statesman reported in its issue on March 2nd before anything had happened. So they knew what was going to happen before it happened. The American ambassador.

30:31 Ellsworth Bunker kept Washington apprised. But the best information came from the CIA because they're running the operation. During that period, General Charles Cabell or Desmond Fitzgerald was on the phone with Gordon Gray almost daily. On March 17th, the president learned the Chinese had ordered an all-out attack and that Compa had been captured by a sizable PLA.

31:02 um movement on march 23rd dallas informed eisenhower that the dalai lama had left the capital on the 17th and the cia compared his travel route to its appreciation of the centers of rebel armed strength meaning he was basically just carried around a predetermined path the cia furnished an american trained tibetan radio operator

31:31 with the agency's RS-1 radio to the Dalai Lama's party so they could coordinate his travel. More precisely, when Agent Arthur Norbu learned the Dalai Lama was on the move, he left the rebel headquarters with a small guarded force joining the Dalai Lama's entourage. He set up repeated airdrops of supplies along the way.

32:08 This enabled the party to communicate to the nearby resistant efforts. CIA officer John Noss maintains that Tibetan agents were in communication with CIA headquarters and provided daily reports to the CIA beginning March 25th. Branch chief John Hart tracked developments at the headquarters. This was especially helpful.

32:39 to the people in the field. The Dalai Lama wrinkled his nose at the heavily armed tribesmen surrounding him. Armaments were a distasteful necessity. He especially frowned at one of the guerrilla, his own cook, who carried a bazooka and enthusiastically sought out targets. Tibetan leader watched his cook reload after shooting

33:12 at what he was told was a Chinese military position. As the party neared India, the CIA radio operators passed on the Dalai Lama's request for asylum. The message reached Washington in the dead of night on a Saturday. Fitzgerald immediately ordered it forwarded to New Delhi. Also along the Dalai Lama's ride were Tibetan filmmakers.

33:42 whose material the CIA later assembled into a motion picture. So we have embedded in the Dalai Lama's prearranged exodus from Tibet, Hollywood, of course. There were footages of airdrops from C-130s included in it. The movie became a well-celebrated success for CIA propaganda.

34:19 On April 1st, just as the Dalai Lama's party entered India, Eisenhower in Washington learned, quote, We have informed Embassy New Delhi we think the U.S. should take no action with respect to the Tibetan refugees, which would diminish the effect of it being an organic activity and transportation to India, because it was not. A message from the Tibetans received on April 2nd contained an important plea.

34:50 Quote, you must help us as soon as possible and send us weapons for 30,000 men by airplane, unquote. The message sparked action in Washington. The National Security Council, which had not discussed Tibet since June 20th, 1957, you know, we're just a couple years later, suddenly met on the subject in March, twice in April, and again in June of 59. The 13-page classified CIA report.

35:20 included a letter from Alan Dulles to the president and a cable reporting the Dalai Lama's view to the White House. It appeared before the NSC meeting on April 23rd. Dulles' letter concerned the Dalai Lama's determination to resist the Chinese. Meanwhile, on April 21st, Field Commander Gompol Tashi ordered the NVDA to abandon positions in many of the different areas that they had set up.

35:49 to defend the Dalai Lama's escape. One of the CIA's few admissions on covert operations before a congressional committee came during this period, when Director Dulles, whose contribution to the propaganda offensive in Tibet, appearing in a closed-door session in the Senate Foreign Relations Committee in late April, Dulles spoke of the Dalai Lama's escape.

36:14 In the course of the discussion, revealing that the CIA had known of his progress from its communicators and had forwarded his request for asylum to India. The CIA director also avered that the agency remained in close contact with the Dalai Lama's two brothers. Dulles admitted the Chinese were attacking and were victorious.

36:44 in many of their engagements, and he compared the Tibetan people to Hungary of 1956. Tibetan sources maintained that Eisenhower's administration made important decisions in May of 1959. This correlates to all available records. Gordon Gray showed Eisenhower a CIA proposal to move Project Circus to a higher intensity even before the Dalai Lama.

37:13 had departed the country. On May 25th, White House aide Andrew Goodpasture asked Dulles for data the president could examine about the proposal. The same day, Dulles got the CIA to revise their paper on Tibetan operations that he sent over a couple of days earlier. The paper, the guts of which remain classified, concluded by observing the Tibetans' resistance.

37:42 which was heavily engaged, had little food or ammunition left. The CIA director, a few days later, would brief the NSC with the same information. The Joint Chiefs of Staff weighed in when officials met on May 8th to work out details to step up the Tibetan program. The chiefs too wanted affirmation and positive action.

38:10 for more covert operations in Tibet. They wanted to aid the resistance. The State Department began dragging its feet, warning of adverse consequences if America established herself as a protector of the Dalai Lama. Even refugees' assistance, the diplomats felt, could be given only if it remained covert. On June 4th, the NSC began pouring over the dilemma.

38:42 of Tibet. The split between the military and the diplomats came into the open. By then, intense Chinese attacks all around the capital and to the south were intensifying. Allen Dulles reported on May 7th, the armed shipments was being prepared, but their dispatch was hindered by not having specific drop sites. Suddenly, on May 12th,

39:10 and 14th U-2 missions flew over the country, the first since the early planning for Project Circus. The vast majority of the CIA supply flights to Tibet took place over a 10-month period beginning in May 1959, though the agency never succeeded in marking all of the missions it programmed. Bissell's U-2s took more pictures in the first two weeks of September.

39:39 10 days later, C-118s inserted an agent team that found the Chinese in complete control of the area and had to sneak back to the Indian border. Three more teams followed and successfully met up with NVDA rebels. Supply drops in October and November deposited hundreds of rifles plus ammunition and heavy weaponry. Another U-2 mission.

40:10 took place in November. The C-130 flights began in December, instantly doubling weapons delivery and increasing ammunition supply. Air Force Major Harry Adderhall devised techniques to increase the C-130 payloads by almost half a dozen tons, enriching supply loads even more. The high point occurred in January of 1960, when at least two night

40:39 there was no fewer than seven planes making deliveries. Gampo Tashi harnessed hundreds of mules to carry away the weapons. And all the U.S. parachuted 400 tons of equipment to the Tibetans.

41:03 Now, what's interesting, again, I made this comment earlier and going through the U-2 history at the same time we're talking about this, the period is the same, is that these U-2 missions, the crews that flew them were originally stationed at Incirlik Air Base in Adana, Turkey. But they had set up a temporary headquarters in Pakistan and had began flying.

41:33 the U-2 missions to support this Tibetan China mission from Pakistan. Expansion of the CIA program brought the training of Tibetans to the U.S. Five groups totaling nearly 700 trainees. Tibetans flew into Peterson Air Force Base in Colorado Springs and moved by bus with blacked out windows.

42:10 to Camp Hale. It was situated at about 10,000 feet to mimic the mountain terrain. The partisans arrived on Globemaster transports. They were never told they were in the United States. At least one group taken to the CIA training facility, The Farm, in Quantico for classroom work. They knew exactly where they were at.

42:45 The Camp Hell had been used in World War II to train the 99th Ski Battalion, which furnished some personnel to the OSS that were sent to Norway. They also trained mountain troops who served in Italy and Alaska during World War II. Camp Hell had been closed, and in the closing of Camp Hell,

43:18 They had used a few hundred German Nazi prisoners that had been held there. What was left, the army used for winter maneuvers until 1956. It seemed an ideal location for the CIA. Tom Fosmire, F-O-S-M-I-R-E, became the top trainer.

43:51 He also had a staff of about a dozen who included several more veterans of the Indonesian adventure. So the guys that screwed up the Indonesian coup are training the people for the Tibetan rebellion. Tony Poe, soon to become notorious in Laos, taught weaponry. John Noss.

44:23 KNA US, an operational analyst for the covert branch of the CIA, had spent several years detached to the US Information Agency. A CIA guy working at the US Information Agency, which we've said all along, was basically just another CIA front. He would later take over Project Circus Task Force.

44:58 To discourage curiosity, a cover story, that unspecified atomic test would be conducted and the base reopened. That provided the Denver Post a story, which was the cover story. Local utility companies were asked to give a day's notice before sending anybody up to do anything. Finally, guards were ordered to shoot to kill.

45:27 any unauthorized American citizen that got near the place. So the CIA was given shoot to kill instructions to kill Americans if they happened to get near a CIA black site in America. While training proceeded, the Dalai Lama took his cause to the UN where no Tibetan discussion had occurred in nine years. Ireland and Malaya,

46:01 offered a resolution condemning China for genocide. What? We're going to condemn China for genocide for fighting against a CIA-backed insurgent? Despite the secret paramilitary support for the Tibetans, the U.S. wished to stay in the background. Because of course they did. The Secretary of State Christian Harder asked U.N. Ambassador Harry Cabot Lodge to lay low.

46:35 Don't say anything. Meeting with the Dalai Lama in India, diplomat Winthrop Brown, as much as told him that Washington preferred he not bring up the issue at the UN debate, but rather concentrate on accusing China of human rights violations. Washington did not permit the Dalai Lama to enter the country.

47:03 Because he might actually say something they didn't want to get said. The rate at which the diplomatic initiative gained momentum supplied the State Department the necessary fodder. Harder feared the UN resolution on genocide would fail and that the defeat would be a serious setback. He opposed a resolution recognizing Tibetans' independence or sovereignty.

47:32 Instead, suggesting a slap on the wrist for the Chinese. Secretary Harder told Lodge he had informed the British diplomat that all we wanted to do was to have this thing come in as a mild resolution as possible. American interests were not identical to those of the Tibetans, indicating we were just using them.

48:03 assertion of self-determination around the globe did not extend to the CIA allies and its anti-Chinese secret war. So we want to appear like we're all in support of democracy, but not really. The UN General Assembly passed a resolution in October of 59 expressing concern that human rights were being suppressed in Tibet. The vote was 45 to 9.

48:33 with 26 abstentions, among them the British. The Soviet bloc voted solidly against the resolution. There was not a word about independence or sovereignty ever spoken in support of the Tibetans. Fighting continued unabated inside of Tibet. The capital loan during 1959, according to PLA documents,

49:02 87,000 people died while we're supplying the guns and the training to the rebels. That year, the Tibetan year of the earth pig, the PLA tried once and for all to cut the trails into Tibet. The Chinese began a two and a half year pacification effort. Toward the end of 59, a few hundred Soviet advisors were reported inside of Tibet for the first time.

49:37 Nothing like driving the Chinese and the Soviets together. Dwight Eisenhower visited India in late 59, but found it expedient to not expedient to meet with the Dalai Lama. Before the trip, C.D. Jackson, a friend of Alan Dulles' as well as Eisenhower sought to intervene after speaking to a case officer, but the CIA director dissuaded him.

50:03 Desmond Fitzgerald bore the brunt of Dulles' anger at what he fancied an unauthorized action by some agency cowboy. A few of the compas actually went to New Delhi, hoping to deliver a letter to Eisenhower. But all requests were rebuffed. Eisenhower, however, did accept certain gifts sent through CIA channels by Tibetan leader Tashi.

50:35 Tashi added a letter pleading for help. This is what it said. We Tibetans have determined to fight to the last against the Chinese communists with full weapons of modern warfare, as there is no alternative left to us except to fight. We see no other powers other than the United States, which is capable of giving us help in every respect to free Tibet from China.

51:03 The situation has become serious, like a patient about to die. Under the circumstances as stated above, with a heavy heart, we appeal to your excellency to impart necessary instructions about the best possible course for the future. Americans acknowledged the gifts orally, but because Tashi had not used channels considered by the embassy to give him official status, no reply.

51:33 was sent, and Eisenhower preserved his plausible deniability. The following year, Washington again discouraged the Dalai Lama's request to come to the United States. Secret plans proceeded despite their refusal to associate publicly with the Tibetans. Before his NSC meeting on February 4, 1960, the president met with a group including Gordon Gray, Harder, Allen Dulles, Cabell,

52:06 and Desmond Fitzgerald. Director Dulles described recent supply deliveries but also Chinese success in finding the better arms and finding the better armed and less mobile rebels, meaning they were losing. Dulles asked Eisenhower to approve continuation of Operation Circus. Eisenhower wondered if Tibetan resistance supply increased or would have repercussions.

52:38 Desmond Fitzgerald countered that no brutality could be greater than that which the Hans were doing. Secretary of State Harder added that the project certainly was embarrassing Beijing. Eisenhower approved more weapons. Beijing pushed back. Already on the offensive, Chinese troops launched new attacks within weeks of this decision.

53:09 The heavier weapons the CIA had supplied to the Tibetans paradoxically made them somewhat less mobile, and the Chinese had more of the territory already under control. The Tibetan bands were caught in several places. In one fight, the PLA claimed to have killed 800 of the NVDA forces. By late spring, two CIA teams with the partisans had to flee to India.

53:39 Four CIA radio teams were wiped out. Only six of almost 20 CIA-trained agents survived. Just then, another event in the intelligence world brought a complete halt to U.S. air support. On May 1, 1960, the Russians shot down a CIA U-2 plane deep inside Soviet territory. President Eisenhower ordered a halt.

54:09 to all intrusions into communist airspace. That included the C-130s that were flying over China to drop air supplies into Tibet. And that's where we will stop. The Tibetan thing always was one of the big shockers for me. Is this, I'm sorry, I might have missed it. Is this when they were training them in Colorado?

54:43 Yeah, we read that part where they were bringing him in and sending him up in the blacked out buses to the World War II base 10,000 feet up. Because that's where they were given the instructions to shoot to kill any Americans that came anywhere near the base. Right, right, right. And that's what I knew I caught part of it and I was juggling stuff.

55:10 And, you know, they even have, even today, it's a big marker. And, I mean, it's like they brag about it. Yeah. At that park or at that, you know, like it's a big monument. And it's despicable. If you know the real story. I mean, and what's interesting to me about that is it really was a World War II base where, you know, the mountainous training.

55:42 went in to send troops during World War II. But that's not unlike that base in Texas that was used during World War II. It's down in this very southern part near Brownsville that the CIA used to teach all of Operation Condor and much others, many others, how to blow shit up. It was an EOD training.

56:09 under the guise of teaching national police and national guard units that were going to work for the military-installed dictators in South America, they were teaching them how to blow shit up. And they did it under the guise of, oh, no, no, we're teaching them how to disassemble bombs that these partisans or these guerrillas have. Those guerrillas didn't have any bombs. They were going to be...

56:37 taking the C4 explosives and blowing the indigenous population up. And they were being taught how to do that in Southern Texas. That's another one of those locations that we came across when we were doing the research into Operation Gladio. Not unlike the bases that the CIA used in South Florida. Same thing.

57:01 They had these installations all over the United States where they would bring basically people they were training to kill people, assassins, use explosives, and they basically just put them all over the United States. And the national parks. And they still operate today. And again, that's another one of those documents that I found in the National Park System's website. Yep. Yep.

57:35 Crazy, crazy, crazy. Anybody else have anything? Go ahead, SR. Thank you, Colonel, and thank everyone for being here on Spaces and on Rumble today. What I was looking at is the PLA itself and what's going on there. They're still very active in Tibet with China building like crazy on the plateaus there as they see this area.

58:12 An area of protection for China's borders. And I can understand that 100%. Yep, they learned a few lessons. Warhamster, did you want to say something? Yeah, I got a few things to pipe in on. That was kind of a fun chapter, wasn't it? Yeah. So forgive me, I'm chopping up chicken in my kitchen right now. So one second, I've got to wipe chicken off my hands so I can touch the phone. A few things there. I'll put something in the Rumble chat.

58:47 about that absolutely horrific video of the Dalai Lama getting some child to suck on his tongue sometime, I don't know, it was like 10 or 15 years ago. But I've got very little sympathy for the Tibetans since seeing that video. Right. It's awful. And this whole chapter, you hear about the CIA fighting against, you know, the communist Chinese and working with the Tibetans and everything like that. And to me, it's like I listen to that and I feel like I'm...

59:15 It's like you're watching a football game and you want both teams to lose. Yes, yes. But to me, it's really remarkable because you look at the neocons, for lack of a better term, that were pretty much pushing our foreign policy back then and running the CIA. I mean, these were definitely what we would call neocons. I think that's fair as a generalization. Right. Literally, not two decades later.

59:46 Our foreign policy establishment is working directly with the communist China to help implement the one world government. And that's the 1971 ship that we're going to be talking about quite a bit. But this particular chapter really points out the contrast and how quickly it changed. The last thing I wanted to bring up is one of the heroes of the chapter is a gentleman by the name of Goodpastor. Now, when I first heard his name,

1:00:17 I immediately had to look him up because it sounded so much like Ann Goodpasture. And if people don't know, I've long said that Ann Goodpasture's testimony, everything that's been still one of the few files hidden in the JFK files, is hidden for a reason. She was the woman who was in the room when Lee Harvey Oswald was given his deposition.

1:00:45 by the CIA's Mexico City chief right after he got back from Cuba. So when I hear good pastor, it sounded so much like good pasturer, I had to look him up. And he's interesting for a number of reasons. First of all, absolutely, his career is absolutely without scandal. He came from a middle-class family in Illinois, went to West Point, kind of worked as an Army Corps of Engineers, and kind of worked his way up.

1:01:12 Apparently a really bright guy and became part of Eisenhower's staff. But it's his later career that kind of segues into something the colonel's been talking about quite a bit. Because he would end up being on the staff at West Point and then would be recalled to actually run West Point for five years. Right. So that whole military trip. But this guy actually, I can't find anything negative about him besides what you just talked about in the story, what he was part of. Appeared to be pretty much a straight shooter.

1:01:43 So that's an interesting dilemma for, so he served as Eisenhower's military assistant. He was privy to all of the covert operations that were going on, the overthrow of all of these different governments. He was watching all of this transpire. And that's kind of the dilemma that many of the military people find themselves in.

1:02:13 And again, you're relying on CIA intelligence. So in the case of Guatemala, of course, we know all of that intelligence of the Guatemalan ties to the Soviet Union was all fabricated. They had no ties to the Soviet Union at the time.

1:02:40 How do you find out when you're in the midst of these operations, how do you find out what the truth really is? It is an interesting dilemma for military officers that by design are reliant on CIA and quote unquote intelligence, which oftentimes is manufactured in order to do

1:03:07 what it is they're going to do anyway yeah good point uh renee go ahead hey good afternoon everybody yeah it's quite fascinating this chapter and the whole dalai lama situation connecting it to propaganda because especially with the whole new age movement and spiritual

1:03:38 yogis etc so forth and then you have all the Hollywood actors following the Dalai Lama and befriending him like Richard Gere and who else I think Harrison Ford and Goldie Hawn and all this stuff and you it really because we know so much via everything you've taught us so far of how it is just incredibly

1:04:05 so much propaganda and especially connecting on belief systems and even with learning about or digging up connections of the OSS in China and the missionaries there as well, creating, you know, going in there, being in the universities and missionaries are everywhere. So it's like they,

1:04:34 The CIA and all this intelligence taps into every sector to use it in some way to create their con. And it's fascinating in this book.

1:04:56 talking about Bissell and U2, and then U2 makes you think about the band U2. And then, you know, it's just all this big circle connecting again and again and again of propaganda, which leads us to Propaganda Due. And it's like, no wonder they called themselves Propaganda Due, because that's what it is. It's a huge...

1:05:20 propaganda machine. It's wild, really. It is. And there's so many facets of it. I came across the Senate testimony of there's a whole bunch of people. I've got it queued up to do it on a separate rumble eventually when I can get to it. But it's the Senate testimony of

1:05:49 a whole bunch of different people talking about many of the organizations that you just mentioned, not just the religious piece of it, but the Peace Corps and the media and all of these different facets of the CIA testifying, defending the use of these people.

1:06:14 And of course, the pushback at the time of this testimony is that if you use them, then the countries are going to then target them. Because once it's revealed that a single journalist is actually a CIA agent, you jeopardize the safety of all.

1:06:39 journalists around the world especially the ones from the united states or the west in general and um they didn't care and the same thing with missionaries they didn't care they continued to use them and so and and the peace corps guy um one of the senators had

1:07:01 had been in charge of the Peace Corps and he was adamantly opposed. He says, you can't use a single one of them. We're not even located in the embassy. We don't have any of the protections. And if you use one, then they will know that. And then you jeopardize all of them around the world. And literally the CIA didn't care.

1:07:28 But the testimony in that document that I found is fascinating to actually hear the words that were spoken and just how nonchalant it is. SR, go ahead. Thank you, Colonel. Donnie Vision raised an interesting question over on Rumble. And he asked, didn't the Nazis have anything to do with Tibet?

1:07:57 And I want to did a little digging real quick and come to find out they actually did in 38 and 39, there was a expedition into Tibet. And its mission was to figure out whether or not these people were connected to the Aryan race. It was all racial. So something tells me they were already looking for support for the war to come. Yeah. Yeah.

1:08:29 Real quick, a historical factoid that goes back to Rene's question about China and everything like that. And we probably won't get into this more deeply, but Marco Polo was pretty much considered the very first intelligence, foreign intelligence operative from Europe. He was a Portuguese spy when he went to China. And that's why he was there in the first place. And so the intelligence.

1:08:54 I guess, assault on China, which really pretty much started on day one. Yep. Yep. But I mean, if you understand the whole aspiration of the international syndicate and their global dominance, their agenda of one world government, that makes perfect sense. There's no territory off limits for

1:09:24 their need to know information, i.e. spying, on all of these different cultures so that they can plan the attack accordingly. Because you keep hearing in this book talking about the survey teams. The survey teams are critical.

1:09:47 to CIA operations. The survey teams are what goes into the countries. They're spy expeditions. They're not survey teams. They're spy expeditions that go into a country that assess where the division lines are. Where can we capture a group of people?

1:10:10 transform them into dissidents, and then use them to destabilize that area. And of course, you guys know that's followed me for a long time. That's the basic principles of the Albert Einstein Institute with all of their youth programs under Gene Sharp.

1:10:29 was to go in through their youth programs, scout out what the hot topic is at the time that the CIA is planning a coup and start to create fund.

1:10:45 the destabilization at the youth and particularly any women's movement, if there's any that are already evolving in that country, and then use them as a wedge into that society. That's why the USAID had so many women's programs and so many youth programs.

1:11:10 They were used as part of a destabilization effort to have crews on demand. Yep. Okay. If that's all we have, I don't see any other hands over there. Okay. So thanks for joining us. We'll be back tomorrow. Oh, go ahead, SR. Thank you, Colonel. What I want to say is I want to add to your point about all of these.

1:11:48 So-called surveyors. It's not as if these countries don't have surveyors of their own. So when you think of surveyors, you automatically should take a look at who's there and for what. Typically, it's resources. Believe me, they want all the resources they can get a hold of. Yes. We're not stupid. Right. Thank you, Kermit. Yeah. Yeah.

1:12:20 That's exactly what they're looking for. Generally, though, on the survey teams that go in for the resource expedition, they have a lot of geologists on them. And that's where people like George DeMorganshield comes into play because they're looking for oil and gold and silver and that type of thing. But when they go in...

1:12:44 with exclusively CIA survey teams. I didn't want people to have the modern day connotation that they've got like some clipboard and they're asking questions and trying to gain intelligence that way. That is not what they're doing. They're going in and assessing fault lines in the culture in order to exploit them. Now,

1:13:12 Did they ever show up with a clipboard? Yes, they did in Jamaica. We went over that when we were talking about the Caribbean and the different coups that happened there. In Jamaica, they actually did. They hired, the CIA hired, funded through a cutout, a graduate student to go to Jamaica and literally walk house to house under the guise of his thesis research.

1:13:41 And find out with addresses who was supportive of the president that they were trying to overthrow and who wasn't. And then they use that information when they began the actual overthrow of the Jamaican government. So in more modern days that it has occasionally taken that form.

1:14:05 I just wanted to clarify that term's use in this particular material so that people don't kind of walk away with the impression that it's a legitimate survey. It is not. Okay, so that's it for today. I will be back tomorrow. I have a couple of earlier interviews tomorrow with Tommy Podcast with a couple of different groups.

1:14:37 that he has scheduled. And as usual, I'll just repost them on my ex-profile whenever those are ready because he records them and then posts them later. So I'll let you know when those are done. And one of them... I just want to let you know, Colonel, I appreciate those podcasts. They're very interesting. Yeah. Sometimes, like this last one,

1:15:05 You actually came out with a point they hadn't even thought about. I have my moments. I have my moments. Yeah, I have my moments. The one tomorrow was going to be incredibly important because E.M. Burlington, who is a regular on most of those interviews, had a security issue at his house.

1:15:33 And he is going to share that with us tomorrow. And so you definitely are not going to want to miss that. It is indicative of the risk you take for being out in front talking about stuff like this. And so you definitely are not going to want to miss that. Well, there's so much of that going on right now, especially over the weekend that just highlighted it. I mean, you and I both been involved in all that stuff over the weekend on X.

1:16:01 You know, it really is, you know, you got to make a decision. Do you want to be part of the game and take those chances? And then, you know, can you be protected? Or do you just have to stay in the shadows? And everyone's got to make their own personal risk assessment. For the love of God, it's going to get worse before it gets better. I cannot disagree with anything you just said. Renee, go ahead. SR, if you think it's funny how she blows everybody's mind on Tommy's podcast, you got to watch.

1:16:32 her shows with Crypto Rich. He also does, Rich does politics. It's hilarious, his reactions.

1:16:40 He's a lovely host, but she blows his mind and his physical reactions are hysterical. I highly recommend checking out those interviews as well. It's Rich Does Politics. It's on YouTube. But I think, I don't know if it's Crypto Rich. Crypto Rich, yeah. Yeah, yeah, yeah. But it's hilarious. I mean, it's really such a fun thing, Colonel, to watch everybody's reaction. We all get such a kick out of it, I'm sure.

1:17:09 Let me give you a little behind the scenes funny about that too. So he's very unique. He's in the UK.

1:17:18 And he's originally from the Middle East. And we had a very interesting chat before we actually started recording the show. And he works with his son. His son is very IT literate and does the editing of his shows and stuff like that. And his is recorded. They're not live.

1:17:43 He's a genuinely funny person. And so the...

1:17:50 We started talking and he's like, no, no, no, no. You've got to save that. You've got to save that. I want my actual reaction on the video. And I wasn't even talking about anything that we eventually ended up talking about. But it was, he's just a really funny guy. And his son is amazing. Very, very bright. I'd say he's probably in his middle 20s. But they were having a spat.

1:18:17 over how they were going to do the show. Do it in two segments or one segment that they would eventually break up and put it into two shows. And to watch them interface, it was just, it reminded me of me and my middle daughter when we're talking about the IT stuff, which...

1:18:37 Crypto Rich has nothing to do with, which is kind of, I was telling him, I'm watching me and my daughter interact through you and your son, because that's just exactly the same kind of conversations that we have. So he was...

1:18:50 a joy to do that show with. I didn't know what to expect, but he has already asked me to come back on. He wants to dig into a couple of the things, but I can't do that while I'm on the road because of my materials all at home. So yeah, there'll be several more of those in the future. So yeah, I believe he's from Pakistan. He is. But you guys know Pakistan plays a big role in

1:19:21 the whole Operation Gladio network in many different venues. So he's very open-minded and I think that's what we all need. We all need to be talking to each other and sharing the actual history of all of our countries. So yeah, very interesting. Okay, I probably will record my second to last.

1:19:47 you two later on tonight over on Rumble for those of you that are on the premium thing so that we can get the premium hours in for this month. I hate they do that, but we have to play that particular game along with Rumble in order to make sure that our material gets prioritized over there properly. So anyway, thanks for joining us. I'll see you guys tomorrow. Take care.

Entities here

CIA25 Dalai Lama25 China25 Tibet25 People's Liberation Army19 Indiana17 United States14 Dwight D. Eisenhower14 Lhasa10 Allen Dulles9 Nepal Volunteer Defense Army8 Andrew Goodpaster6 Soviet Union5 India5 Christian Herter5 U.S. Air Force5 Gordon Gray5 Project Cirrus5 Desmond Fitzgerald5 Gampo Tashi4 Jawaharlal Nehru4 Pakistan3 Camp Hale3 Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.3 Air America3 Operation Gladio3 Peace Corps3 Operation Barnum3 John Noss2 National Security Council2 Kuomintang2 United Kingdom2 Nazi Party2 Jamaica2 Italy2 Richard M. Bissell Jr.2 Charles Cabell2 Vietnam2 Odessa, Texas2 U.S. State Department2

Claims made here

Operation Gladio founded Italy host_asserted ▶ 2:21

“kind of the conversation, because that's basically what it was. It wasn't even really an interview, just kind of went all over the place. And obviously she has lots of interest given her family backgr…”

CIA recruited Tibet host_asserted ▶ 4:49

“start from there. We're in February of 1956, and we were talking about the CIA operation of recruiting Tibetans to create stay-behind units. So in late February, in the third week of the Tibetan New Y…”

People's Liberation Army carried_out_attack Litang Monastery documented ▶ 4:49

CIA supplied_arms_to Tibet documented ▶ 8:19

“to the partisans. In central Tibet, a partisan unit under Ardo Leshe was the recipient of some of the earliest American airdrops. They guarded these and the rebels depended on the bulk of these airdro…”

CIA trained Tibet documented ▶ 10:22

“After September 57, the CIA trained Tibetans were a couple of self-contained teams. One was linked to the major resistance area. Warfare brought cleavages to the Tibetan society. The nonviolent Buddhi…”

People's Liberation Army carried_out_attack Tibet documented ▶ 10:52

“The PLA helped resolve these qualms by bombing the monasteries. Ultimately, even the monks took sides. The Panshin Lama, Tibet's second most important religious leader, cast his lot with the Chinese. …”

Panchen Lama member_of People's Liberation Army documented ▶ 10:52

Roger McCarthy member_of CIA documented ▶ 11:56

“with the first air mission on October 20, 1957, required a modified B-17 aircraft flown from Taiwan. Agency officers, meaning the CIA, Roger McCarthy, went along to mine them. Thor's rug, as he would …”

Roger McCarthy member_of Project Hake documented ▶ 11:56

CIA financed_via Air America documented ▶ 12:56

“with leftovers of the units that had been at Clark Air Base and had moved to Okinawa. It then became the 322nd Troop Carrier Squadron Medium Special, meaning Special Ops. This unit was used with a mix…”

Fletcher Prouty appointed CIA documented ▶ 13:58

“which was awarded to Colonel Fletcher Prouty on the air staff for coordinating all of it. For the first Tibetan supply drop in July of 58, the agency replaced the Air Force crew with a civil air trans…”

Charles Cabell member_of CIA documented ▶ 16:09

“before 1961 included Operation Barnum Flights. The C-130s that were flown in the Far East belonged to the Air Force. In fact, the 322nd Squadron had many of them. General Erskine controlled them from …”

Erskine headed U.S. Air Force documented ▶ 16:09

Curtis LeMay headed U.S. Air Force documented ▶ 16:09

CIA recruited Missoula Mafia documented ▶ 18:19

“Crews compromise the pilot, usually two co-pilots and a pair of navigators and a crew chief on these missions. At least a dozen former forest firefighters or smokejumpers were also hired by the CIA. M…”

CIA supplied_arms_to Tibet documented ▶ 18:50

“highly dangerous missions. The CIA's failure in Indonesia became a perverse boon to the Tibetan secret war. Stocks of weapons and equipment the agency had assembled for Indonesia got diverted to Tibet…”

Frank Holaber member_of CIA documented ▶ 19:24

“I'm not going to try to pronounce the Chinese name for it, but it translates into National Volunteer Defense Army, NVDA. Its creation ushered in the most intense phase of the Tibetan War. Just a few w…”

Nepal Volunteer Defense Army founded Tibet documented ▶ 19:24

Dalai Lama member_of Tibet documented ▶ 19:57

“opposition to the Han had yet to become universal. The fighters were still drawn mostly from Kam and Amdo. That's the areas of Tibet where they came from. Resistance in central Tibet was largely held …”

Nepal Volunteer Defense Army carried_out_attack People's Liberation Army documented ▶ 21:52

“Late in 1958, the NDBA began an offensive into central Tibet. The partisans attacked Han garrisons. By December, the PLA post, they were attacking within 25 miles of Lhasa. In late January or early Fe…”

People's Liberation Army targeted_for_regime_change Dalai Lama documented ▶ 22:25

“For the first time, the NDVA had a presence close to the capital. The Chinese sought to make the Dalai Lama a hostage. They invited the Tibetan leader to a dramatic presentation at a compound of the P…”

Tan Hoonsan ordered_assassination_of Tibet documented ▶ 24:29

“left disguised as a common soldier of the guard. In order to avoid attracting attention, the group carried nothing with them. Over subsequent days, between 8,000 and 13,000 citizens left the capital. …”

Dalai Lama removed_from_power Tibet documented ▶ 24:29

Nepal Volunteer Defense Army carried_out_attack People's Liberation Army documented ▶ 24:59

“The French explorer and scholar Michael Piasel describes these events as one of the strangest and most ill-understood coups of recent times. Under its top leader, General Tashi Antrasong, the NVDA's o…”

Gordon Gray member_of National Security Council documented ▶ 25:29

“Partisan units formed a rear guard behind the party through its trek to the Indian border region and also created a diversion for the PLA. On November 1st, 1958, Gordon Gray sent a note to the NSC exe…”

James Lay member_of National Security Council documented ▶ 25:29

CIA spied_on China documented ▶ 25:59

“is our policy clear as to what course of action we should follow, unquote. In fact, Washington had anticipated only limited potential from the Tibetan rebellion, as indeed from any operation against t…”

J. Graham Parsons member_of U.S. Air Force documented ▶ 26:29

“The secret survey of the possibilities of uprisings done for Eisenhower in the summer of 59 by Assistant Secretary of State Graham Parsons made this clear. Regarding Tibet, the survey predicted that, …”

Chiang Kai-shek headed Kuomintang documented ▶ 27:30

“the Nationalists being the Chiang Kai-shek's KMT army. Though the State Department believed it, quote, by no means suicidal, unquote, of Chiang Kai-shek to contemplate such raids. Despite limited poss…”

Allen Dulles member_of CIA documented ▶ 27:59

“Alan Dulles to President Eisenhower dated January 22nd and March 3rd of 1959 concerned Tibet. The president's staff secretary reported that the CIA and State Department intelligence reports, quote, th…”

Jawaharlal Nehru member_of India documented ▶ 28:28

“had turned aside the Dalai Lama's request for political asylum three years earlier. In July of 58, the Chinese again made issue with the Indians over this resistance that was going on inside of China.…”

Jawaharlal Nehru covered_up Nepal Volunteer Defense Army documented ▶ 28:55

“The parliamentary debates ignited by the Dalai Lama's journey, the prime minister went out of his way to defend Tibetans, denying the village was a command center for the NVDA, which he knew was not t…”

Ellsworth Bunker member_of U.S. Air Force documented ▶ 30:31

“Ellsworth Bunker kept Washington apprised. But the best information came from the CIA because they're running the operation. During that period, General Charles Cabell or Desmond Fitzgerald was on the…”

Desmond Fitzgerald member_of CIA documented ▶ 30:31

CIA supplied_arms_to Dalai Lama documented ▶ 31:02

“um movement on march 23rd dallas informed eisenhower that the dalai lama had left the capital on the 17th and the cia compared his travel route to its appreciation of the centers of rebel armed streng…”

Arthur Norbu member_of CIA documented ▶ 31:31

“with the agency's RS-1 radio to the Dalai Lama's party so they could coordinate his travel. More precisely, when Agent Arthur Norbu learned the Dalai Lama was on the move, he left the rebel headquarte…”

John Noss member_of CIA documented ▶ 32:08

“This enabled the party to communicate to the nearby resistant efforts. CIA officer John Noss maintains that Tibetan agents were in communication with CIA headquarters and provided daily reports to the…”

John Hart member_of CIA documented ▶ 32:08

Gompol Tashi headed Nepal Volunteer Defense Army documented ▶ 35:20

“included a letter from Alan Dulles to the president and a cable reporting the Dalai Lama's view to the White House. It appeared before the NSC meeting on April 23rd. Dulles' letter concerned the Dalai…”

Allen Dulles member_of CIA documented ▶ 35:49

“to defend the Dalai Lama's escape. One of the CIA's few admissions on covert operations before a congressional committee came during this period, when Director Dulles, whose contribution to the propag…”

CIA exposed Dalai Lama documented ▶ 36:14

“In the course of the discussion, revealing that the CIA had known of his progress from its communicators and had forwarded his request for asylum to India. The CIA director also avered that the agency…”

Allen Dulles ordered_assassination_of CIA documented ▶ 37:13

“had departed the country. On May 25th, White House aide Andrew Goodpasture asked Dulles for data the president could examine about the proposal. The same day, Dulles got the CIA to revise their paper …”

CIA supplied_arms_to Tibet documented ▶ 39:10

“and 14th U-2 missions flew over the country, the first since the early planning for Project Circus. The vast majority of the CIA supply flights to Tibet took place over a 10-month period beginning in …”

CIA trained Tibet documented ▶ 41:33

“the U-2 missions to support this Tibetan China mission from Pakistan. Expansion of the CIA program brought the training of Tibetans to the U.S. Five groups totaling nearly 700 trainees. Tibetans flew …”

Tom Fosmire headed CIA documented ▶ 43:18

“They had used a few hundred German Nazi prisoners that had been held there. What was left, the army used for winter maneuvers until 1956. It seemed an ideal location for the CIA. Tom Fosmire, F-O-S-M-…”

Camp Hale front_for CIA documented ▶ 43:18

Anthony Poshepny trained Tibet documented ▶ 43:51

“He also had a staff of about a dozen who included several more veterans of the Indonesian adventure. So the guys that screwed up the Indonesian coup are training the people for the Tibetan rebellion. …”

CIA front_for United States Information Agency host_asserted ▶ 44:23

“KNA US, an operational analyst for the covert branch of the CIA, had spent several years detached to the US Information Agency. A CIA guy working at the US Information Agency, which we've said all alo…”

John Noss member_of United States Information Agency documented ▶ 44:23

John Noss member_of CIA documented ▶ 44:23

CIA ordered_assassination_of United States documented ▶ 45:27

“any unauthorized American citizen that got near the place. So the CIA was given shoot to kill instructions to kill Americans if they happened to get near a CIA black site in America. While training pr…”

Dalai Lama targeted_for_regime_change China documented ▶ 46:01

“offered a resolution condemning China for genocide. What? We're going to condemn China for genocide for fighting against a CIA-backed insurgent? Despite the secret paramilitary support for the Tibetan…”

Christian Herter member_of U.S. State Department documented ▶ 46:01

Winthrop Brown member_of U.S. State Department documented ▶ 46:35

“Don't say anything. Meeting with the Dalai Lama in India, diplomat Winthrop Brown, as much as told him that Washington preferred he not bring up the issue at the UN debate, but rather concentrate on a…”

United States removed_from_power Dalai Lama documented ▶ 46:35

Christian Herter member_of U.S. State Department documented ▶ 47:03

“Because he might actually say something they didn't want to get said. The rate at which the diplomatic initiative gained momentum supplied the State Department the necessary fodder. Harder feared the …”

Soviet Union supplied_arms_to Tibet documented ▶ 49:02

“87,000 people died while we're supplying the guns and the training to the rebels. That year, the Tibetan year of the earth pig, the PLA tried once and for all to cut the trails into Tibet. The Chinese…”

Dwight D. Eisenhower member_of United States documented ▶ 49:37

“Nothing like driving the Chinese and the Soviets together. Dwight Eisenhower visited India in late 59, but found it expedient to not expedient to meet with the Dalai Lama. Before the trip, C.D. Jackso…”

Allen Dulles removed_from_power C.D. Jackson documented ▶ 49:37

C.D. Jackson member_of United States documented ▶ 49:37

Dwight D. Eisenhower paid Gampo Tashi documented ▶ 50:03

“Desmond Fitzgerald bore the brunt of Dulles' anger at what he fancied an unauthorized action by some agency cowboy. A few of the compas actually went to New Delhi, hoping to deliver a letter to Eisenh…”

Desmond Fitzgerald member_of United States documented ▶ 50:03

Gampo Tashi member_of Tibet documented ▶ 50:03

Gampo Tashi targeted_for_regime_change China documented ▶ 50:35

“Tashi added a letter pleading for help. This is what it said. We Tibetans have determined to fight to the last against the Chinese communists with full weapons of modern warfare, as there is no altern…”

Dwight D. Eisenhower member_of United States documented ▶ 51:03

“The situation has become serious, like a patient about to die. Under the circumstances as stated above, with a heavy heart, we appeal to your excellency to impart necessary instructions about the best…”

Dwight D. Eisenhower member_of United States documented ▶ 51:33

“was sent, and Eisenhower preserved his plausible deniability. The following year, Washington again discouraged the Dalai Lama's request to come to the United States. Secret plans proceeded despite the…”

Allen Dulles member_of CIA documented ▶ 52:06

“and Desmond Fitzgerald. Director Dulles described recent supply deliveries but also Chinese success in finding the better arms and finding the better armed and less mobile rebels, meaning they were lo…”

Allen Dulles ordered_assassination_of Project Cirrus documented ▶ 52:06

Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered_assassination_of Project Cirrus documented ▶ 52:38

“Desmond Fitzgerald countered that no brutality could be greater than that which the Hans were doing. Secretary of State Harder added that the project certainly was embarrassing Beijing. Eisenhower app…”

Soviet Union carried_out_attack CIA documented ▶ 53:39

“Four CIA radio teams were wiped out. Only six of almost 20 CIA-trained agents survived. Just then, another event in the intelligence world brought a complete halt to U.S. air support. On May 1, 1960, …”

CIA trained National United Democratic Army documented ▶ 53:39

Dwight D. Eisenhower removed_from_power Project Cirrus documented ▶ 54:09

“to all intrusions into communist airspace. That included the C-130s that were flying over China to drop air supplies into Tibet. And that's where we will stop. The Tibetan thing always was one of the …”

CIA trained Central America host_asserted ▶ 55:42

“went in to send troops during World War II. But that's not unlike that base in Texas that was used during World War II. It's down in this very southern part near Brownsville that the CIA used to teach…”

CIA front_for National Park Service host_asserted ▶ 57:01

“They had these installations all over the United States where they would bring basically people they were training to kill people, assassins, use explosives, and they basically just put them all over …”

Nazi Party spied_on Tibet guest_asserted ▶ 1:07:57

“And I want to did a little digging real quick and come to find out they actually did in 38 and 39, there was a expedition into Tibet. And its mission was to figure out whether or not these people were…”

Marco Polo spied_on China guest_asserted ▶ 1:08:29

“Real quick, a historical factoid that goes back to Rene's question about China and everything like that. And we probably won't get into this more deeply, but Marco Polo was pretty much considered the …”

George de Mohrenschildt member_of CIA host_asserted ▶ 1:12:20

“That's exactly what they're looking for. Generally, though, on the survey teams that go in for the resource expedition, they have a lot of geologists on them. And that's where people like George DeMor…”

Pakistan member_of Operation Gladio host_asserted ▶ 1:19:21

“the whole Operation Gladio network in many different venues. So he's very open-minded and I think that's what we all need. We all need to be talking to each other and sharing the actual history of all…”