The Colonels Corner Hidden Terror by AJ Langguth Part 11

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Transcript

0:00 Good afternoon, everyone. Bridget will be with us in just a minute. She's on the phone. SR71, how are you today? I'm doing very well, Colonel. I'm here. I'm sorry. I just couldn't get to the microphone quick enough. She's talking to me. All right. We are going to get started. Now, just to be open.

0:37 In case you were following along in the book, chapter nine is basically the interrogation of Dan Meterone. And I am not going to go into depth into the entire conversation. Basically, there was a young Tupomaro that is sent in to have conversations with Dan. No torture involved.

1:06 Just conversation. Basically, they begin by asking him about himself and basically what he had been doing. They ask him about the school that they were sending some of the police to. He talks about the International Police Academy and they ask him about.

1:34 what he did before that, like, where were you? He talks about being the police chief in Indiana and basically kind of just going back and forth about, then he gets into what were you doing here? What were you doing in Brazil is where they went next. And basically he explains that they were training the police in Brazil.

2:05 And the guy knows, obviously, that they were torturing the people that Mitterrand was training, was torturing people. And he also knew that the way the police began behaving after Mitterrand showed up in Brazil was very different than what had been happening prior to that. And he also says to him that.

2:34 The Brazilian police had preceded the Uruguayan police in the use of electrical torture and basically confronting him, accusing Mitterrand as basically being the impetus to that, both in Brazil and the increase of its use in Uruguay, because some of it had been.

2:59 But of course, we know from the earlier chapters that Mitterrand gave them better supplies, if there's such a thing to torture with, and updated much of the equipment through the use of USAID. And he talks about the deployment of the radios to increase the communications with the police, basically making the police more effective.

3:29 They go on to talk about some of the other people that were in the same detention facility that Mitterrand was in. One of them was a guy by the name of Dr. Claude Fly, who was 65 years old and from Fort Collins, Colorado. He had also been kidnapped around the same time.

4:00 Most of the people had not suspected that Dr. Fry was part of the U.S. operation going on in Uruguay at the time. But there began being suspicions because he ran a laboratory in Uruguay.

4:27 there were a lot of nefarious things going on in that laboratory. And so they thought that capturing him would basically up their chances of getting some of their compatriots free. So the captor that is in there questioning him actually apologizes for him, for wounding Dan Mitterrand.

4:58 And basically said that the Tupomaros guy that had shot him was being held accountable because that's not how they did operations. So, which is kind of weird on why you would explain that. But anyway, lots of conversations. And then they start talking to him about some of the training that Dan Biderone had gotten as well.

5:27 And they get around eventually to asking him whether or not he's affiliated with the CIA. And he says that he was not. And then they ask him about the FBI. And because Dan Meterone, when he was captured, had three identification cards on him, one from the State Department, one from USAID. And the other one was a.

5:56 Montevideo Police Department identification that identified Mitterrand as a member of the FBI National Academy. And Dan Mitterrand explains that that was given to him, although I don't know how that, unless Dan is told the police department there that he was credentialed through the FBI.

6:24 Why would some foreign country put FBI if you hadn't disclosed that to him? Because it's not like USAID's credentialing process was through the FBI. It was literally through the CIA's USAID. So anyway, they ask him about his experience with the FBI. And he says, you know, hey, I went there through their training program and explains how.

6:56 how that whole process works. And the most interesting part of this entire chapter was this part right here. In the Monteviedo jails, the prisoners joked about the fact that both political factions had been to the U.S. Both the police were being trained by the International Police Academy, but

7:25 Many of the Tupamaros had gone as students on scholarships from an organization called American Field Service or Youth for Understanding. Those two programs were used and the Tupamaros had been college educated in the United States. Almost all of them had been. So they joked about the fact that.

7:57 The education for both of these sides was being provided by the United States. I find I found that very interesting. And then there's a lot more conversation about what the CIA was doing in Uruguay. And they seemed very knowledgeable about the CIA operations and the destabilization process that had been going on.

8:27 in Uruguay as a result of that. So kind of the mean jest of the... Dan Mitterrand obviously was not taken in by the freedom movement of the Tupomaros and the dictatorship of their current government like the ambassador was in Brazil. So they go over a few other names.

8:59 like the chief of police. Um, and Dan basically says, yeah, I know him very well. And, um, anyway, that's kind of the gist of this. Um, they ask him about the central intelligence, Oban, um, the DOPS and, um, what interactions he had with that. And, um, the

9:29 Tupomaro's even knew about the weather underground in the United States and movements like that. And so they have quite a lengthy conversation over the days of that he's held captive there. Towards the end, they begin talking about the death squads and how they were being used.

9:59 And there was basically no judicial process and kind of quizzes him on, hey, you're American. Don't you believe in a justice system as opposed to just torturing people? And basically for that, Mitterrand has no response to that. So all of these conversations are being recorded. And eventually, Ray.

10:29 Dan's brother back in the United States gets these tapes and listens to them repeatedly. So one of the last conversations says, you know, there are some people who love very much the things they have and they have very much and they have too many things, though, that it's very difficult to take them out, you know.

11:00 And Dan Mederone says, this is true. That's one of the problems in Latin America. The guy responds, you know, there are a few people who are holding so many interests, you know, like the Bank of America, the First National City Bank and the Manhattan Chase Bank. You know, they are very strong. And basically, all of them had presence in Uruguay. And according to the Tupamaros were.

11:30 using those instruments of economic power to prop up the dictatorship and not act on behalf of the people, which, of course, we know to be true. So the Tupomaro repeated, they are very strong. And Dan Mitterrand says, this is something that's been going on for hundreds of years. The Tupomaro guy says, yes, but we have to finish it. Dan Mitterrand says.

11:59 What I mean is something that's been old, it isn't something that just started. And the Tupomaro says, hold on just a second. And when he came back, he said, well, I have to do some other work now. So we'll keep talking later. Dideron said, that's fine. Those were the last words his family ever heard that was recorded on the tapes. At 4.30 a.m.

12:32 The next morning, Dan Mitterrand's body was on the back seat of a stolen 1948 Buick convertible. He had been bound and gagged and shot twice in the head. At 9 a.m., President Pacheco decreed a period of mourning. At 11 a.m., the Uruguayan General Assembly ended a discussion of individual rights and reconvened 90 minutes later to extend Pacheco's executive powers. Later that day,

13:02 76 of the 106 members of the General Assembly voted to waive temporarily the rights guaranteed under Article 31 of the Uruguayan Constitution declaring a state of emergency. The Assembly suspended for 20 days the rights of property, assembly, personal liberty, and freedom of expression. Not that they had any of that anyway.

13:28 The killing of Mitterrand had allowed Pacheco and the security forces to assume dictatorial powers over Uruguay formally. The government now had 14,000 troops and policemen in the streets, searching for Dr. Fly and D.S. Gomide, who was another prisoner. The extinction of Uruguay's democracy had been threatening for two years. One man who understood that his country would never be the same was...

13:58 Alejandro Otero. He was no longer the leading specialist in combating the Tupomaros, having been replaced months before when the CIA and U.S. police advisors had turned to harsher measures and sterner men. Author Amor, a Brazilian journalist who had come to Montevideo to report on Dios Golmite's kidnapping because he was from Brazil.

14:30 Learn from informants that the Uruguayan police and how they were handling the Tupomaros. He had learned that Dan Mederone had bestowed technical equipment on the security police and the U.S. had introduced a system of nationwide identification cards. What's that sound like? That sounds like what they did in Vietnam in the Phoenix program and what they were trying to do here with COVID.

15:00 Like in Brazil, they also used torture routinely, but none of that was why Amor had been sent to Uruguay. His assignment was to report on the prolonged holding of DS Gomides, for the Brazilian people were incensed at the heartlessness of the Pacheco government and not agreeing to terms that would free their consult.

15:30 The consul's wife had raised over a quarter of a million dollars, and he had been held for six months. He eventually was released February 21, 1971, but the kidnapping story began to slow down after Mitterrand's body was found. Amor asked one of his contacts to put him in touch with a mutual friend, Alejandro Otero, so that he could learn more about the U.S. police advisory program.

16:01 Otero had been teaching at the Monteviego Police Academy, and a meeting was arranged in his office. Otero confided all of his resentments. He began by granting that in conducting an interrogation, the police were justified in many deceptions. Hold on, let me get Bridget back up here. It was a duel of the wits, and the policemen's weapons included lies and tricks.

16:33 But the U.S. advisers, especially Mitterrand, had introduced scientific methods of torture that violated the Uruguayan Constitution and Otero's philosophy of life. The prisoners advocated psychological torture, Otero said, to create despair. In the next room, they would play tapes of women and children screaming and tell the prisoners that their wives and children were being tortured.

17:04 He also told the reporter that they were using electrical shocks under fingernails and on genital areas. He told Amor about his friend, the woman, who had been tortured as well. When Amor stood up, ready to go off and file his story, one last thing, he said, I must not appear in your story. My name cannot be used. The editor said that

17:34 it most likely would not get published without a name. Otero said, if my name appears, I not only will lose my job, I likely will become a prisoner. How Otero thought his name might be used without compromising him is hard to understand. The Brazilian newspaper played the story conservatively on an inside

18:05 but such damning accusations could not be buried. The day after Amor's story appeared in Rio, two Uruguayan intelligence officers and an agent from Interpol came to his hotel with written authority to question him. Amor was not in his room come to question the reporter. When he learned about the visit, he spoke to the Brazilian ambassador who promised him diplomatic protection but advised him to go willingly to the police.

18:36 Amor and a colleague presented themselves at the prison. They were locked in a small cell with no seats. They remained there for four hours. The other reporter, Alberto, was led away for questioning. Then Amor was called in. Why am I here, he asked. The chief of the three-man unit said, we are conducting an investigation to determine whether Otero

19:05 was the source of what you reported. And they alleged that the assistant had said that he was. Amor knew immediately that they were lying because he hadn't told his assistant anything that he had written or filed. They put a piece of paper in front of Amor and told him to sign it unread. He refused. I want to read it. I might sign it if I read it. The chief tore up the statement.

19:36 Amor, small but bear-like, had his country's embassy behind him, as well as one of the continent's major newspaper. Still, he began to worry. It appeared Otero was denying having talked to him, only that he had criticized Mitterrand. Where and when did you speak to Otero? Amor answered that although he had talked with him, he could not say where or when.

20:02 The chief asked Amor about his political philosophy and how he regarded the Tupamaros. Amor responded in single words. The chief grew angry and warned that he would suffer repercussions if he didn't start talking. At 4 p.m., Amor was released, and at 7 p.m., the Brazilian ambassador informed him that Uruguay had declared him persona non grata.

20:29 and he suggested that he stay the night at the embassy and fly out first thing in the morning. Being home didn't end his difficulties. His editor, Alberto Dienz, called him to say that the U.S. embassy was bringing immense pressure to fire him for telling the truth. The U.S. embassy was threatening the reporter and the newspaper for telling the truth.

20:59 The editor said, do you promise me that you wrote the truth? He said, it is absolutely the truth. The journal resisted the embassy's demands and Amor kept his job. In Washington, Byron Engel may have personally expected, reasonably expected to see Dan Mitterrand transferred into a martyr. The case met all of the classic requirements. There was a victim. Engel's men got possession of the corpse.

21:30 Other policemen paraded Mitterrand's coffin through the streets of Indiana. There was a public burial. Commemorative services were scheduled. Even the New York Times had joined the cause and wrote an editorial saying that Mitterrand's killing was absurd and accusing the Tupomaros of using the techniques of Hitler. Consequently, Engel...

21:56 was taken aback by Amor's news story and the treatment of the entire affair within the journal in Brazil. Engel offered a tale of conspiracy to explain the situation. The three Brazilian reporters in Montevideo all denied filing that story. This is quoting Engels. We found out later that it was slipped into the newspaper by someone else in the newsroom, which was a bold-faced lie.

22:25 In Uruguay, the war with the Tuporaros intensified after Mutarón's murder. The rebels blew up a bowling alley patronized by the U.S. community. On one nightclub wall, they scrolled, everyone dances or no one dances. On January 8, 1971, the Tuporaros snatched the British ambassador, Jeffrey Jackson, who had been disdainful of his personal security.

22:57 He paid for the lack of security with eight months in an underground cell. At the U.S. Embassy, the political staff watched with fascination when an agent from the British Secret Service arrived to set about working to get Jackson free. Then early in September of 71, more than 100 Tupamaros made use of a 50-yard tunnel, broke out of the prison, and escaped through a neighboring house.

23:27 At first, journalists treated the incident as one more example of incompetence by the Iroquoian police. When the Tupomaros released Jackson, however, it began to look like that was actually condoned in order to get Jackson released. So the cops were in on springing them so that they could save face.

23:51 and not having officially released those prisoners as a quote-unquote trait. Pacheco had refused to do anything like that, even covertly, on behalf of Dan Mederone, but he did it for the ambassador. Certainly, it was evident that the career of the colonel responsible for the prison security

24:21 had not suffered from the jailbreak. He was promoted afterwards. In Richmond, Ray Mitterrand read of the jailbreak and noticed that one of the occupants of the house through which Tuporaro escaped was a guy by the name of Billy Rial, R-I-A-L. Since Ray had first received the tapes of the interrogation of his brother,

24:49 He had been playing it over and over and listening for clues. And if you guys remember back at the beginning of the story, there was an Uruguayan that showed up in Richmond and spoke to Ray at his sporting goods store. And Ray was convinced that that's the same voice of Billy Riel. After March 1971,

25:18 Dr. Claude Fly suffered a heart attack in his underground hiding place. The Tupomaros first took him to one of their sympathizers, a heart surgeon, who examined him and insisted he be sent immediately to a hospital. So, of course, the Tupomaros took him to the hospital and left him outside of the emergency room.

25:48 electrocardiogram readouts with the suggested treatment. So the hospital staff followed the instructions of the cardiologist that had treated him for the two pomoros, and then they traced the printout back to the doctor. So no good deed goes unpunished. The actual doctor was later arrested and sent to prison.

26:22 for saving somebody's life. Morris Zimmerman, an elderly U.S. businessman in Monteviego, was shocked by the news because the same Dr. Dubras had pulled him through on his own heart episode. You never could tell, Zimmerman and his wife agreed, just who the Tupamaros were because they were normal everyday people that just wanted their freedom back.

26:51 In Brazil, the kidnapping of Burke Elbrick had gone so successfully that the rebels employed the same tactic on three more occasions. In June 1970, while Fernando Garbera was in prison in Rio, a broadcast was interrupted with a news bulletin announcing that the German ambassador to Brazil had been taken by the rebels. Within five minutes, prison guards stormed

27:20 through the cell, and stripped away all radios. One prisoner managed to hide his under the pillow, and everyone was waiting around for the next bulletin. In that prison alone, over 120 political prisoners were living. They debated until dawn about which of them would be on the list. Fernando expected to be one of the names. Most of the other prisoners were serving shorter sentences and could look forward to being released soon.

27:48 Without a prisoner exchange, Fernando had no hope at all. No one slept that night. At first light, the prisoner with the radio shouted out four names. And after each name, he yelled goodbye. Then he cried Fernando Guevara goodbye. Even the sound of his name could not make Fernando rejoice. He knew how many obstacles stood between him and freedom. For example, the police could find...

28:17 the house where the ambassador was being held, and they would never get released. Within half an hour, the police rounded up 40 prisoners while they were having their hair cut. The police confiscated their wristwatches and any personal property. With only the clothes they were wearing, they were taken to another holding cell. When Fernando's turn came for a final interrogation, he was questioned about a suspected escape plan.

28:47 from the prison. There had been no plan. However, when the guards decided to give him a few last electrical shocks, Fernando made up a story. It was nearly over. The police blindfolded the prisoners and placed them in a circle around the courtyard, and basically the policemen called out each name, fired in the air as if they were killing everyone. The person whose name that they called out would

29:17 Also, say something so that they knew it was a mock execution. On June 16th of 1970, Fernando and the others were taken to an airport in police cars. They waited on an Air Force base for six hours while the authorities took their pictures and fingerprints. They were flown to Algiers. Colonel Fontenelle, a particularly vicious torturer, made the flight with them.

29:47 On the journey, he told jokes and recalled episodes from their life in prison. The plane arrived in Algiers, and journalists were waiting with the crowd sympathetic to the rebels. The Brazilian guards had expected to go shopping with U.S. dollars that they had been issued for the flight. The crowd was so hostile, none of them were brave enough to even get off the aircraft. When Revolutionary sees the Swiss ambassador,

30:18 in December of 1970, it seemed fitting that one of the hostages that they should demand for his release was the son of a Swiss father, Jean-Marc. It was Christmas Eve before word of the trade reached Jean-Marc, and then the news came from a prison official who was suddenly soliciting for Jean-Marc's well-being. We don't want anyone to be forced to go, the guard said. If you want to stay, you can.

30:47 In prison, Jean-Marc had been judged a hopeless agitator, and after 11 terms of solitary confinement, he had been transferred to the Island of Flowers and to an Air Force base at a local Rio airport. Now, Jean-Paulo Bordenaire, the base commander, called for him. This was some months before Bernier was exposed for his final...

31:19 for his role in the killings in the 1968 riots. If it were my choice, Bernier said, you'd all be shot. I don't give a damn about the Swiss ambassador. But let me tell you, if he's killed, I guarantee you, you will all be killed. But then it was more menacing threat. By then, it was a more menacing threat because they knew that that would happen.

31:46 Negotiations limped forward into the new year. The Brazilian government was haggling over some of the 70 names on the list, and the Swiss were not pressing as hard for their ambassador as the Germans did. Throughout the days of waiting, Jean-Marc was visited regularly by the military men trying to persuade him to refuse to go. They played on his patriotism. An Air Force major named Silva, one of the worst torturers,

32:14 in the prison, now came to say that, after all, he and John Mark were nationalists first, so he shouldn't go. Finally, on the eve of the exchange, a colonel arrived claiming to represent President Medici, who had replaced Silva. I can't convince you that the government is good, the colonel said, but if you refuse to leave, you'll be released in a year and back in school and free to resume your protest.

32:43 Jean-Marc said the students would see it as a vote of confidence in the government. The colonel said, you can write a short letter giving your reasons, which we'll release later. No, no matter what I said, it would appear that I trust you and I don't. All negotiations are ended, the colonel said. On his departure, an Air Force torture came into Jean-Luc's cell and made several threats.

33:16 Jean-Marc then composed a statement as the military had requested. On his statement, he wrote, Freedom is the most important thing for a person or a society. I am leaving Brazil for my freedom, but I will continue to fight for the freedom of my nation. Amnesty International, an organization formed in London to protest the torture of political prisoners, launched a campaign to free Marcus Arruda from prison.

33:44 This was accomplished in February of 1971 when he was abruptly released pending his trial. On his attorney's advice, Marcos left the country. He was tried in absentia and found innocent of subversion. Later that year, sponsored by Catholics in the United States, Marcos applied to the Vatican for an audience with the Pope. Marcos regarded himself the spokesman for the thousands of other Brazilian victims who had not been as fortunate as he.

34:14 Pope Paul sent Marcos a note assuring him that through his suffering, he was becoming more like Christ. Bear your sufferings gladly, the Pope added. Easy for someone else to say. In Brasilia, President Medici contacted a distant relative of Marcos to whom he complained that Marcos was damaging the image of Brazil. Tell that young man that the president said that if he ever, ever tries to come back here, he will need.

34:43 he will not leave the airport alive. Throughout the early 70s, liberals in Uruguay's Senate had tried to form a united front. When the attempt failed, the dictatorship became ever more oppressive and they were forced to flee, usually going to Buenos Aires. These leaders were then murdered because of Operation Condor and the cross-communication that was...

35:12 facilitated by the CIA's communication. So everybody that left Brazil for another Southern Cone country was murdered in that other country. Before the Tupomaros were exterminated and Uruguay's democracy snuffed out, Nelson Bardacio was kidnapped by the rebels and compelled to tell his story. He disappeared on February 24, 1972.

35:40 In a series of interviews held underground, he confessed to police bombings and described the link between the police and the military in Uruguay and Argentina. Before it was finally suppressed and then printed in a transcript later, the two Primeros had deleted names of Bardacio's colleagues intending to conduct their own investigation and meter out their own justice.

36:06 Then when the substitutions of X for the names of police and military officers, Bardacio's confession confirmed that Uruguayan death squads had been bombing and scraping houses of lawyers and journalists suspected of being sympathetic to the Tupamaros. He also cleared up the mystery surrounding the disappearance of Hector Casaneto, a student whose two brothers were Tupamaros.

36:34 In the statement, it said, I arrived at the house just in time. I saw them put Costaneto, who was blindfolded, in X's auto that had a broken windshield and belonged to the Ministry of Interior. Costaneto and the two functionaries from the department sat in the back, and X drove with Jose, an official from the Interior Ministry, beside him. X got into my auto.

37:05 The three autos then went to the harbor to the entrance beside the Central Railway Station. I believe that that entrance is for the rowing club. X auto turned in and we turned back. I took X to the department and went to the house of a friendly couple on another street where I then lived. One hour later, around 2 a.m., X phoned me to tell me that the house on another street was to be cleaned out.

37:35 because it would be searched by police because the neighbors complain. And also, I might keep some parcels that they didn't have any place to keep. X came to me with his auto, and we went to the corner where we met a small lorry, normally used by the two functionaries trained in Brazil. In the lorry, there were two people I didn't know and who were part of Jose's team.

38:04 X told me to keep completely secret about them. They took me in the lorry to my studio where I put the two parcels and box taken from the house. I later opened them and found machine guns. Without brands, with no numbers, they were completely clean and there were also explosives in there. They were enclosed with sheets of paper that was written on them.

38:36 I understand that Castanedo was interrogated and tortured in the house and later murdered and thrown into the river. This final part of the operation was carried out by two functionaries that went with him to the harbor. Later, Barsario disappeared entirely. He was first reported in Canada, but when questions were raised about the propriety of giving him sanction, he was sent elsewhere, apparently to Panama.

39:06 The Tupomaros were even more interested in the whereabouts of Hector Perez, Hector Omodio Perez. Omodio was ranked high in the rebel movement, but when his prominence as a leader was challenged, he had seemed to act from spite, providing the police the location of several Tupomaro hideouts. Rayul Sindik had escaped.

39:36 Once from the Monteviego's prison, now he was captured again and shot through both cheeks. He lived, but his jaw was completely destroyed. In the spring of 1972, a young Uruguayan returned from studying in Buenos Aires and found life in Monteviego hellish. Families were reduced to whispering to each other. The student himself knew Tutu Pomaro's

40:05 reason enough for being arrested and confined in a jail. There, like prisoners in Brazil, he was appalled to find doctors, young doctors, doctors his own age, cooperating in the torture. They asked him whether he was asthmatic to know whether or not to use electricity on him or use the near drowning water treatment. They measured his blood pressure to see whether or not he could bear more pain.

40:32 They gave him stimulants to permit the torture to go longer. It was as though the police and the soldiers and the doctors were crazy. I tortured you, one OMRI officer shouted to him. Someday you will kill me, but I don't care. The doctors miscalculated and the student had to be sent to the hospital to recuperate. The sheets on them on the hospital was stamped U.S. Navy. His robe

41:00 was the nicest robe he'd ever worn, and on the label, it said U.S. Medical Doctor. Back in prison, the young man was roused one day by some noise, and the guards were rushing by, excited and jubilant. One stopped long enough to tell him, hey, we got one of you, and he was in our own ranks. It was a traitor, Sub-Commissioner Benitez.

41:31 At the police station, the other Iroquois officers suddenly recalled particular episodes with Benitez. For all of his cursing and threats, he never shot a single Tupomaro. In fact, on one raid, he claimed his weapon had jammed. They were all ecstatic they had caught a spy. Exiled in Switzerland, Marcus Arruda kept alert for news from his former jailers.

41:59 One officer who had tortured him was a captain by the name of Dalmo Cirillo. Late in 75, Marcus read in the newspaper that a metal worker had been killed in the torture rooms. One of the men implicated in the death was Cirillo, who had recently been promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel. Two of John Mark's chief torturers had also met with rewards of professional recognition. Clemente Montero

42:27 The graduate of U.S. training in Panama, who had overseen the torture on the Island of Flowers, was named commander of the National Police Academy in Brasilia. Under Montero's leadership, that academy, which had been subsidized by U.S. funds, was enlarged to train police cadets from all over Latin America. Alfredo Pac, the Navy officer who found his vocation during his training at Fort Bragg,

42:57 left the Island of Flowers to accept a promotion with the Central Intelligence Agency. It had been established by General Goldberry after the 1964 coup. Peck's new work gratified him, and he hoped to help the intelligence agency achieve the high standard of its U.S. counterpart. Peck told

43:22 the intelligence recruit that the most important quality in a good intelligence officer was a natural curiosity, one that could never be satisfied. As an instructor in propaganda analysis, Peck now had access to the dossiers on Brazil's guerrillas, and he informed his students that a high percentage of the rebels came from parents who were legally separated. Brazil's compromise with divorce. He later said,

43:52 that over 85% of them suffered serious psychological problems as a result of that. That was all propaganda. In the spring of 1963, a member of Brazil's tame opposition party sought out U.S. Senator James Abarek from South Dakota in his Washington office under a pledge of secrecy.

44:24 poured out grisly stories of torture and laid out the persuasive evidence that implicated the United States in it. Since his election to the Senate, he had been seeking an issue, a crusade, and he then began looking into the Office of Public Safety. He was not its first critic, only the most determined one. As early as 1966, William Fulbright,

44:54 had expressed doubts about the program, but he had caused no particular alarm at the Office of Public Safety. Fulbright was emerging as a critic of the Vietnam War, and among the police advisors who supported the U.S. intervention, that position alone was enough to discredit him. During his years as president, Lyndon Johnson had not taken a stand on the Office of Public Safety.

45:20 Officers at the police academy attributed this to two preoccupations, the Vietnam War and his great society. During Nixon's first term in office, the president told Byron Ingalls that the advisory program was a good one and he felt it was in good hands. Because, of course, Richard Nixon was Eisenhower's vice president and approved all of this.

45:44 In 1971, when Brazil's third military president, Medici, was visiting Washington, Nixon had summed up his Latin American policy by praising Brazil as a model. By the time the drum roll of accusations began against the Office of Public Safety, Nixon was expending his energies on the burglaries at Watergate. John Hanna, the U.S.

46:14 AID director, supported the Office of Public Safety in a letter to Congressman Otto Passman. But Hannah had been the president of Michigan State University at the time that he hired CIA agents to pose as Office of Public Safety officers and deployed them to Vietnam to set up the Phoenix program.

46:44 He was rewarded for doing that by being appointed as the director of USAID, overseeing the entire fucking program. Overseas, the U.S. police officers waited for a high-ranking government official to stand up for them. None ever did. The CIA, good at lobbying for itself, let the Office of Public Safety go down without a struggle. When Senator

47:16 however you say his name, Abarek, from published the publicized the Texas bomb school as being a part of the curriculum. The agency cut it losses rather than wage a campaign that might lead to congressional hearings. In 1974, the CIA was still months away from the forthcoming barrage of leaks and charges in the investigations that would devastate its reputation.

47:46 You must believe that we are honorable men, CIA Director Richard Helms said. When the Office of Public Safety was abolished, its funds cut off in the car barn, which is where the International Police Academy doors were locked. Some advisors retired entirely from government service. Some entered a private security work. And I am going to explore this private security work.

48:18 tonight on the Alpha Warrior show. And you guys do not want to miss that. Many advisors had never served their country where torture was the accepted means of extracting information. Others, although stationed in Brazil and Uruguay, had never taken part in torture systems. Some knew what went on. Others claimed ignorance.

48:41 But whatever their background, in the years following Mitterrand's murder, they found themselves publicly soiled, disavowed by their government, and out of a job. Not most of them. Some of them. We're going to talk about most of them tonight. An early omen of three decades of preferential treatment were ending for the CIA since the word was out that Philip Agee was writing a book. While at his last post in...

49:12 Mexico City, Agee had basically decided that the CIA wasn't for him. He had divorced his wife, left the CIA, and began writing a book. Exercising the prudence that he had been taught at Langley, Agee was able to finish a very detailed reconstruction of his years in the CIA, the very documentation for the prospect of long legal battles with the agency.

49:45 discouraged U.S. publishers from publishing the book. But Agee's story had two happy endings. The book was published with great success in London, and after that, New York finally picked it up. In Paris, he met Angela, who came to live with him. The same Angela that we talked about several chapters ago that I told you to remember her name. In July 1970,

50:16 Angela's guard had told her that if she would sign a confession they had prepared, she would be brought before a three-man military court. Although Angela had not told them anything, she signed the paper just the same. The judge she faced was sympathetic. One of Angela's school friends was close to his son. Even after she had told the judge about the torture,

50:45 When she was returned to prison to await the next step, she was not molested. The trial itself came a full year later. Angela was found guilty of violating one article of an institutional act and was sentenced to two years and one month. Both prosecution and defense filed appeals, but the time the military Supreme Court set her trial at 12 months, she had already been there for 30 months.

51:12 Upon her release, she tried to leave Brazil and exercise the freedom that she had been promised. Instead, the police followed her everywhere, and she saw that she was only compromising anyone that she met with. Angela went to Paris to study economics. Early in September, she attended a party, and one of the guests was Philip Agee. When Agee's book was finally published, his dedication read,

51:43 and her comrades in Latin America struggling for social justice, national dignity, and peace. Burke Elbrecht, in retirement, attended the funeral of Cleo Noel Jr., an ambassador killed in the Sudan with his counselor and another diplomat. After Richard Nixon had made a statement that the U.S. would not succumb to blackmail, the terrorists had shot the three men to death with machine guns.

52:12 Watching Noel's coffin being carried out of Washington National Presbyterian Church, Elbrick thought, there but the grace of God go I. Upon the election of Richard Nixon as president, Lincoln Gordon left his post at the State Department and served for a time as the president of John Hopkins University. So these bastards are the reason why our education system is so messed up.

52:43 He would talk to the students about his role in Brazil. Gordon countered criticism of his role there by pointing to the economic boom that occurred in Brazil afterwards. The students rebutted this argument with statistics proving that the prosperity had came at the expense of the nation. During the first 10 years of dictatorship, real wages of Brazilians

53:13 declined by 55%. Gordon would then argue that since the military held power, it was too early to assess its rule. The wealth went to American oligarchs, not to Brazilians. And his only last argument with any of them, well, it's at least not a communist country. I don't know how more communist you can get when you have a government that controls everything.

53:45 Throughout the 70s, tales of torture coming out of Brazil's prison had not changed greatly, and the relevance of Lee King Gordon's last offense was considered diminished during the first two months of President Jimmy Carter's administration, when the police arrested 28,000 persons on suspicion of being a rebel. Occasionally, a commander would

54:14 whose excesses were too flagrant, would be asked to retire. That happened in the aftermath of a death in prison of a journalist, Vladimir Herzog. The outcome was different, however, for the commander responsible for the troops who tortured a U.S. clergyman by the name of Fred Morris. Eighteen months after Morris was released, the commander was promoted to Brazil's highest military post, despite...

54:43 publicity that he was a torturer. In Uruguay, a politician by the name of Juan Maria Bordaberry had replaced Errico as president. Before Bordaberry's term had run out, Uruguay's general stripped him of all of his power. Then in 1976, they put him out of office altogether. In hardly more than a decade, the Tupamaros had made good on their threat. In Uruguay,

55:15 former model of democracy, there was now no dancing for anyone. In spring of 1977, a military court finally sentenced a suspected Tupomaro for the killing of Dan Mederone, for the shooting and his alleged part in the kidnapping of Jeffrey Jackson and Antonio Masmas. He received 30 years in prison. Around the police barracks in Rio de Janeiro,

55:45 Brazilian officers trained at the International Police Academy remembered Dan Mederone fondly as a symbol of what they were fighting against. They all said the U.S. was decadent. It suffered way too many freedoms. The torch had been passed to the military and police in Brazil. It was now their task to defend the hemisphere. In the police garages of Rio, they became fortresses.

56:16 Built at the cost of $100,000 each, designed to carry troops with machine guns into the densest crowds. They were bulletproof. They were squat. They couldn't be turned over. They could withstand Molotov cocktails. And most of them were funded by U.S. taxpayers. The coup de grace in the campaign against the Office of Public Safety was delivered by a motion picture. Costa Gravas.

56:47 A Greek film director hired an Italian, Franco Salinas, as his scriptwriter, and together they set off for Latin America to make a film about the death of Dan Mitterrand. Salinas, a member of the Italian Communist Party, had written the script for the Battle of Algiers. How ironic is that?

57:12 That's the movie that they showed at the International Police Academy to every single group. When Costa-Garros visited Montevideo in 1972, he sidestepped questions of local reporters about what kind of film he intended to make. Privately, though, he was collecting documents. Salinas traveled to the Dominican Republic, where he tried to meet secretly with the head of the country's Communist Party.

57:44 Although the attempts failed, a party functionary briefed Salinas on the police terror that was also going on in the Dominican Republic by the same Office of Public Safety. He also said that Dan Mitterrand had visited the Dominican Republic several times as an advisor. From that time on, Mitterrand acquired a reputation as the U.S. foremost expert in torture.

58:15 The New Scientist, a British publication, described a device called the Mitterrand vest. It was designed for interrogations. It slowly inflated until it crushed the ribs of its victims. The vest itself was no more horrifying than any of the other well-documented methods of torture used in Brazil and Uruguay and then later Chile. Yet no prisoner, at least none who lived to testify, had ever heard

58:45 of the vest and its use. Hank Meterone and her children could only meet the accusations with hyperbole about Dan, the Dan that they knew, that he was a good father, a humanitarian, blah, blah, blah. Mrs. Meterone withdrew to a suburb of Washington to finish the job of raising her children. She kept a large portrait of her husband on the wall.

59:12 She did not keep in touch with her husband's former colleagues. They had been very kind to her, but she didn't get out much. Costa-Gravos included in the state of siege every undocumented rumor about Dan Mitterrand from Santo Domingo to Brazil because his aim was a composite indictment of U.S. policy throughout Latin America.

59:41 He and Salinas named their central character Philip Santori. Montaigne, the actor that was cast to portray him, was the actor that was cast to portray him. In the film, the interrogation sequences omitted the Tupomaro's incessant use of you know during the interview, but it did include Mitterrand's remarks.

1:00:13 You are subversives. You are communists. You want to destroy the foundations of society, the fundamental values of Christian civilization, the very existence of the free world. You are an enemy who must be fought in every possible way. Dan Miron did say that. With speeches of that sort, the film explained Santori's motivation and in public statements, the film producer,

1:00:45 made the same analysis to Mitterrand, who was as sincere as the judges of the Catholic Church during the Inquisition. He is convinced that one must cut down everything that is liberal or communistic and by any means possible. He thinks the ordinary liberalism can plunge society into chaos, but at the same time, they create the very chaos that they're saying they're trying to prevent.

1:01:16 But very few police advisors, least of all Mitterrand, displayed any of the kind of religious motivation during what they were doing because, of course, it was the exact opposite of what their religion said that they should be doing. Their mission in Latin America was not only secret, but very vague. Dan Mitterrand went there, he was told, to stop communism.

1:01:57 And then it goes on to talk about how Philip Agee basically being exposed to the very same things that a Dan Meterone had been exposed to couldn't do it. He had to quit because he couldn't condone the torture and the underhandedness that the CIA was using.

1:02:27 In Uruguay, young men and women considered themselves idealist. The U.S. government had developed harsh methods both in South Vietnam and Latin America. Dan Mitterrand made use of them. In the 12 years of the Office of Public Safety, a total of seven police advisors were killed, six of them in Vietnam. Around the International Police Academy at Fort Bragg and in Panama,

1:02:56 the professionals agreed that Latin America would be the next Vietnam if they didn't act that way. And that's basically the end of the book. If you look up Dan Mitterrand's funeral and realize the, and we've talked about it before, the amount of dignitaries that showed up for that in the United States, it's mind-blowing.

1:03:27 for someone that supposedly had some secret job to be a police advisor in a foreign country. That it illustrates just how important those jobs were to the international syndicate and the U.S. government that was participating in them. So anyway, that's it. That's the end of the book.

1:03:59 That's how it ends. And if you guys don't know Philip Agee, he's the guy that started the Covert magazine. Very interesting guy. I've read his book. It's jaw dropping as I find all of these books. He was the guy that was kicked out of every single country. He was kicked out of England after they published his book.

1:04:27 He was kicked out of Germany. He was kicked out of Italy. The only place that he could go live was Cuba. That's it. That's telling, isn't it? SR-71. Colonel, this is something else. Thank you all for attending first here in the chat and on X and also on Rumble. But I ran into something that just floored me concerning Sir Jeffrey Jackson.

1:05:00 And his kidnapping. Well, let's share it. Salvador Allende, of all people, the Chilean president, Salvador Allende, was the one who brokered the ransom for him to get him free. And then they turn around and kill him. And then they turn around and kill him. Yes. I just, oh, my Lord.

1:05:31 But anyway, I'm sitting here thinking about this for a minute. Oh, yeah, you got what you wanted out of me. Now I don't need you no more. It's crazy. Absolutely crazy. Yeah, I think I read in one of the articles that he was very cocky and arrogant when they had him prisoner until he heard that Nixon just pretty much said, no, we're not interested in brokering a deal.

1:06:03 And then apparently he became more emotional, which was the first sign of emotion. That was what, in every single article, in every person that has ever described him, has always been that he was literally a non-emotional, cold-hearted killer. And even tortured, what do they call them, vagrants.

1:06:32 homeless people children orphans in his basement in his seminars and occasionally killed them with no more emotion than we would make and you know it's interesting that that's not in this book anywhere I find that very interesting because there's article after article that when he was teaching the techniques of where to torture without leaving marks that they

1:07:04 collected homeless, vagrant, mentally handicapped people and brought them in to experiment on. There's lots of articles about that out on the Internet. And so, yeah. Right. And there's a lot of corroboration. I mean, it's just over and over, you know, people that went through the training or that.

1:07:32 Other from other CIA, from whistleblowers, from people within the government, within their government, Brazil's government that wrote books about it. Yeah. I mean, it was it was very commonplace. That was how they he illustrated his story. Yeah. It would just go grab some people off the street. Yes. Not suspected to Pomaro's. Absolutely.

1:08:05 Exactly. Or nobody that did anything. And then they went on later on to use it against political opponents. Yeah. Yeah. I have one more question for you, Colonel. Unfortunately, I was doing something else at that point, trying to get some information into the pill. You mentioned the Swiss. What did they have to do with this? Well, they had an ambassador there.

1:08:38 That was in Brazil. So they negotiated the release of the Swiss ambassador. And that's where Jean-Marc came into play. Because remember, his dad was originally from Switzerland. He had moved to Brazil and married a local Brazilian.

1:09:08 And they were trying to arrange his release with the prisoner release, which he did eventually get released and flown to Algiers. Thank you, Colonel. Sure. Okay. Anyone else? All right. So I am going to announce.

1:09:39 Later on, probably in the morning, what book we're going to move on to next. I've got like three in a stack here. So. And tomorrow, no show. At four o'clock. But we will be back on Friday and I may just have an open mic on Friday. I really like doing that. And that way we can start a new book on Monday.

1:10:08 So but I'll let you guys know sometime in the next 24 hours what book that's going to be. So. All right. Thanks, everybody, for being here. I appreciate it. Talk to you tonight on the Alpha Warrior show. You definitely don't want to miss that. Yeah. It's always explosive when you and Alpha get together. I couldn't believe some of the information I found. It's crazy. It has everything in it.

1:10:41 international syndicate, everything. But we're going to track some of the leads that this book provides us and we'll sum it up real nicely on the show tonight. So take care, everyone. I'm going to run out to dinner with my family and see you tonight at 9.30. Take care. Give Brian a hug. Bye.

Entities here

Tupamaros25 Brazil25 Dan Mitrione25 Uruguay24 USAID15 Amor12 CIA10 Jean-Marc Arruda9 Alejandro Otero9 Montevideo8 International Police Academy6 Philip Agee6 Dr. Clyde Fayerweather6 Fernando Gabeira6 Jeffrey Jackson5 Franco Solinas5 Inside the Company5 Jorge Pacheco Areco5 Byron Engle4 Richard Nixon4 Costa-Gavras4 Nelson Bardacio4 Angela Davis4 Lincoln Gordon4 Ray Mitrione3 FBI3 Dios Gomes3 Isle of Flowers3 Jean-Marc van der3 Alfredo Peck3 Algiers3 Héctor Cáspero Casaneto3 Emílio Garrastazu Médici3 Billy Rial2 Ferdinand Marcos2 Chile2 Fort Bragg2 India2 Buenos Aires2 Thai Ministry of Interior2

Claims made here

Dan Mitrione trained International Police Academy book_quoted ▶ 1:06

“Just conversation. Basically, they begin by asking him about himself and basically what he had been doing. They ask him about the school that they were sending some of the police to. He talks about th…”

Dan Mitrione trained Tupamaros book_quoted ▶ 1:34

“what he did before that, like, where were you? He talks about being the police chief in Indiana and basically kind of just going back and forth about, then he gets into what were you doing here? What …”

USAID funded Dan Mitrione book_quoted ▶ 2:59

“But of course, we know from the earlier chapters that Mitterrand gave them better supplies, if there's such a thing to torture with, and updated much of the equipment through the use of USAID. And he …”

Dan Mitrione supplied_arms_to Tupamaros book_quoted ▶ 2:59

Dan Mitrione member_of FBI book_quoted ▶ 5:56

“Montevideo Police Department identification that identified Mitterrand as a member of the FBI National Academy. And Dan Mitterrand explains that that was given to him, although I don't know how that, …”

Youth for Understanding trained Tupamaros book_quoted ▶ 7:25

“Many of the Tupamaros had gone as students on scholarships from an organization called American Field Service or Youth for Understanding. Those two programs were used and the Tupamaros had been colleg…”

American Field Service trained Tupamaros book_quoted ▶ 7:25

Tupamaros assassinated Dan Mitrione book_quoted ▶ 12:32

“The next morning, Dan Mitterrand's body was on the back seat of a stolen 1948 Buick convertible. He had been bound and gagged and shot twice in the head. At 9 a.m., President Pacheco decreed a period …”

Dan Mitrione supplied_arms_to Alejandro Otero book_quoted ▶ 14:30

“Learn from informants that the Uruguayan police and how they were handling the Tupomaros. He had learned that Dan Mederone had bestowed technical equipment on the security police and the U.S. had intr…”

Alejandro Otero trained Tupamaros book_quoted ▶ 16:01

“Otero had been teaching at the Monteviego Police Academy, and a meeting was arranged in his office. Otero confided all of his resentments. He began by granting that in conducting an interrogation, the…”

Dan Mitrione trained Alejandro Otero book_quoted ▶ 16:33

“But the U.S. advisers, especially Mitterrand, had introduced scientific methods of torture that violated the Uruguayan Constitution and Otero's philosophy of life. The prisoners advocated psychologica…”

Amor exposed Dan Mitrione book_quoted ▶ 18:05

“but such damning accusations could not be buried. The day after Amor's story appeared in Rio, two Uruguayan intelligence officers and an agent from Interpol came to his hotel with written authority to…”

Uruguay removed_from_power Amor book_quoted ▶ 20:02

“The chief asked Amor about his political philosophy and how he regarded the Tupamaros. Amor responded in single words. The chief grew angry and warned that he would suffer repercussions if he didn't s…”

Byron Engle covered_up Dan Mitrione book_quoted ▶ 21:56

“was taken aback by Amor's news story and the treatment of the entire affair within the journal in Brazil. Engel offered a tale of conspiracy to explain the situation. The three Brazilian reporters in …”

Tupamaros carried_out_attack Jeffrey Jackson book_quoted ▶ 22:25

“In Uruguay, the war with the Tuporaros intensified after Mutarón's murder. The rebels blew up a bowling alley patronized by the U.S. community. On one nightclub wall, they scrolled, everyone dances or…”

Secret Service trained Jeffrey Jackson book_quoted ▶ 22:57

“He paid for the lack of security with eight months in an underground cell. At the U.S. Embassy, the political staff watched with fascination when an agent from the British Secret Service arrived to se…”

Tupamaros carried_out_attack Billy Rial book_quoted ▶ 24:49

“He had been playing it over and over and listening for clues. And if you guys remember back at the beginning of the story, there was an Uruguayan that showed up in Richmond and spoke to Ray at his spo…”

Tupamaros carried_out_attack Dr. Clyde Fayerweather book_quoted ▶ 25:18

“Dr. Claude Fly suffered a heart attack in his underground hiding place. The Tupomaros first took him to one of their sympathizers, a heart surgeon, who examined him and insisted he be sent immediately…”

Tupamaros carried_out_attack Fernando Gabeira book_quoted ▶ 26:51

“In Brazil, the kidnapping of Burke Elbrick had gone so successfully that the rebels employed the same tactic on three more occasions. In June 1970, while Fernando Garbera was in prison in Rio, a broad…”

Fernando Gabeira member_of Tupamaros book_quoted ▶ 27:20

“through the cell, and stripped away all radios. One prisoner managed to hide his under the pillow, and everyone was waiting around for the next bulletin. In that prison alone, over 120 political priso…”

Colonel Fontenelle trained Fernando Gabeira book_quoted ▶ 29:17

“Also, say something so that they knew it was a mock execution. On June 16th of 1970, Fernando and the others were taken to an airport in police cars. They waited on an Air Force base for six hours whi…”

Tupamaros carried_out_attack Jean-Marc Arruda book_quoted ▶ 30:18

“in December of 1970, it seemed fitting that one of the hostages that they should demand for his release was the son of a Swiss father, Jean-Marc. It was Christmas Eve before word of the trade reached …”

Jean-Paulo Bernardes trained Jean-Marc Arruda book_quoted ▶ 30:47

“In prison, Jean-Marc had been judged a hopeless agitator, and after 11 terms of solitary confinement, he had been transferred to the Island of Flowers and to an Air Force base at a local Rio airport. …”

Emílio Garrastazu Médici overthrew Brazil book_quoted ▶ 32:14

“in the prison, now came to say that, after all, he and John Mark were nationalists first, so he shouldn't go. Finally, on the eve of the exchange, a colonel arrived claiming to represent President Med…”

Amnesty International exposed Jean-Marc Arruda book_quoted ▶ 33:16

“Jean-Marc then composed a statement as the military had requested. On his statement, he wrote, Freedom is the most important thing for a person or a society. I am leaving Brazil for my freedom, but I …”

Pope Paul VI sent_message_to Ferdinand Marcos documented ▶ 34:14

“Pope Paul sent Marcos a note assuring him that through his suffering, he was becoming more like Christ. Bear your sufferings gladly, the Pope added. Easy for someone else to say. In Brasilia, Presiden…”

Emílio Garrastazu Médici threatened Ferdinand Marcos documented ▶ 34:14

CIA facilitated Operation Gladio documented ▶ 34:43

“he will not leave the airport alive. Throughout the early 70s, liberals in Uruguay's Senate had tried to form a united front. When the attempt failed, the dictatorship became ever more oppressive and …”

Tupamaros kidnapped Nelson Bardacio documented ▶ 35:12

“facilitated by the CIA's communication. So everybody that left Brazil for another Southern Cone country was murdered in that other country. Before the Tupomaros were exterminated and Uruguay's democra…”

Nelson Bardacio confessed_to Tupamaros documented ▶ 35:40

“In a series of interviews held underground, he confessed to police bombings and described the link between the police and the military in Uruguay and Argentina. Before it was finally suppressed and th…”

Nelson Bardacio witnessed_kidnapping_of Héctor Cáspero Casaneto documented ▶ 36:34

“In the statement, it said, I arrived at the house just in time. I saw them put Costaneto, who was blindfolded, in X's auto that had a broken windshield and belonged to the Ministry of Interior. Costan…”

Héctor Cáspero Casaneto murdered_by Uruguay documented ▶ 38:36

“I understand that Castanedo was interrogated and tortured in the house and later murdered and thrown into the river. This final part of the operation was carried out by two functionaries that went wit…”

Héctor Omodio Pérez provided_information_to Uruguay documented ▶ 39:06

“The Tupomaros were even more interested in the whereabouts of Hector Perez, Hector Omodio Perez. Omodio was ranked high in the rebel movement, but when his prominence as a leader was challenged, he ha…”

Raúl Sendic escaped_from Uruguay documented ▶ 39:36

“Once from the Monteviego's prison, now he was captured again and shot through both cheeks. He lived, but his jaw was completely destroyed. In the spring of 1972, a young Uruguayan returned from studyi…”

Alfredo Peck worked_for CIA documented ▶ 42:27

“The graduate of U.S. training in Panama, who had overseen the torture on the Island of Flowers, was named commander of the National Police Academy in Brasilia. Under Montero's leadership, that academy…”

James Abourezk investigated USAID documented ▶ 44:24

“poured out grisly stories of torture and laid out the persuasive evidence that implicated the United States in it. Since his election to the Senate, he had been seeking an issue, a crusade, and he the…”

William Fulbright criticized USAID documented ▶ 44:54

“had expressed doubts about the program, but he had caused no particular alarm at the Office of Public Safety. Fulbright was emerging as a critic of the Vietnam War, and among the police advisors who s…”

Richard Nixon supported USAID documented ▶ 45:20

“Officers at the police academy attributed this to two preoccupations, the Vietnam War and his great society. During Nixon's first term in office, the president told Byron Ingalls that the advisory pro…”

John Hanna supported USAID documented ▶ 46:14

“AID director, supported the Office of Public Safety in a letter to Congressman Otto Passman. But Hannah had been the president of Michigan State University at the time that he hired CIA agents to pose…”

CIA disavowed USAID documented ▶ 46:44

“He was rewarded for doing that by being appointed as the director of USAID, overseeing the entire fucking program. Overseas, the U.S. police officers waited for a high-ranking government official to s…”

Philip Agee wrote Inside the Company documented ▶ 49:12

“Mexico City, Agee had basically decided that the CIA wasn't for him. He had divorced his wife, left the CIA, and began writing a book. Exercising the prudence that he had been taught at Langley, Agee …”

Angela Davis met Philip Agee documented ▶ 51:12

“Upon her release, she tried to leave Brazil and exercise the freedom that she had been promised. Instead, the police followed her everywhere, and she saw that she was only compromising anyone that she…”

Lincoln Gordon defended Brazil documented ▶ 52:43

“He would talk to the students about his role in Brazil. Gordon countered criticism of his role there by pointing to the economic boom that occurred in Brazil afterwards. The students rebutted this arg…”

Juan María Bordaberry removed_from_power_by Uruguay documented ▶ 54:43

“publicity that he was a torturer. In Uruguay, a politician by the name of Juan Maria Bordaberry had replaced Errico as president. Before Bordaberry's term had run out, Uruguay's general stripped him o…”

Costa-Gavras hired Franco Solinas documented ▶ 56:47

“A Greek film director hired an Italian, Franco Salinas, as his scriptwriter, and together they set off for Latin America to make a film about the death of Dan Mitterrand. Salinas, a member of the Ital…”

Franco Solinas wrote_script_for The Battle of Algiers documented ▶ 56:47

Dan Mitrione visited Dominican Republic documented ▶ 57:44

“Although the attempts failed, a party functionary briefed Salinas on the police terror that was also going on in the Dominican Republic by the same Office of Public Safety. He also said that Dan Mitte…”

Philip Agee founded Covert Action Information Bulletin host_asserted ▶ 1:03:59

“That's how it ends. And if you guys don't know Philip Agee, he's the guy that started the Covert magazine. Very interesting guy. I've read his book. It's jaw dropping as I find all of these books. He …”

Philip Agee exiled_to Cuba host_asserted ▶ 1:04:27

“He was kicked out of Germany. He was kicked out of Italy. The only place that he could go live was Cuba. That's it. That's telling, isn't it? SR-71. Colonel, this is something else. Thank you all for …”

Salvador Allende brokered_ransom_for Jeffrey Jackson documented ▶ 1:05:00

“And his kidnapping. Well, let's share it. Salvador Allende, of all people, the Chilean president, Salvador Allende, was the one who brokered the ransom for him to get him free. And then they turn arou…”

Jean-Marc van der member_of Brazil host_asserted ▶ 1:08:38

“That was in Brazil. So they negotiated the release of the Swiss ambassador. And that's where Jean-Marc came into play. Because remember, his dad was originally from Switzerland. He had moved to Brazil…”

Jean-Marc van der member_of Switzerland host_asserted ▶ 1:08:38

Switzerland funded Jean-Marc van der host_asserted ▶ 1:08:38

Switzerland funded Jean-Marc van der host_asserted ▶ 1:09:08

“And they were trying to arrange his release with the prisoner release, which he did eventually get released and flown to Algiers. Thank you, Colonel. Sure. Okay. Anyone else? All right. So I am going …”