The Colonel's Corner Safe For Democracy Part 28 (29)

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0:00 Okay, apparently we're having some problems over here on X where people keep coming in and dropping out. And I don't see Bridget yet. I don't see SR. So I don't know what's going on. So much for getting the truth out there. There's Renee. So I guess we'll wait just a minute for Miss Bridget.

0:35 I did want to say something real quick about all of the stuff that's coming out. It does appear that we have gotten ahead of a lot of stuff that's coming out. The recent

0:59 arrest of those people in France, which looks remarkably like a Gladio cell. And the recent announcement of the group that was out in San Diego, again, looks remarkably like Operation Gladio. So we're going to obviously pay a lot of attention to that.

1:29 And this weekend, I'm going to be looking into the group in San Diego. So if you guys do that as well, please DM me or tag me on anything that you post about it so that we can kind of consolidate that effort. And I think we're going to be able to draw a distinct.

1:58 to the stuff that we've been reporting. I do also want to point something out. So I have, when time permits, been reading this crazy book that's, it's as big as, well, it's not the biggest book I've read on this subject.

2:25 thus far, but it's pretty close. It's like 700 pages long. And I'm generally not impressed with the book, but it does have some very interesting tidbits in it. The name of the book is General Walker and the Murder of President Kennedy. It's written by Jeffrey Caulfield.

2:54 One of those entries that I want to read real quick is on page 218. It starts off with William Wood, who was a member of the garrison investigation conducted out of the DA office in New Orleans. And it says, William Wood, who was formerly with the CIA,

3:25 and we all know there's no such thing as formerly with the CIA, worked as an investigator for Garrison's assassination investigation under a pseudonym, Bill Boxley, which again tells you he's not a former CIA guy, but an embed into that investigation. After getting clearance from the CIA,

3:53 Hence the fact that he's not former CIA. He did disclose to Garrison that he had worked with the CIA. While with the CIA, Wood had trained foreign agents overseas. You know, like Gladio operators. He then taught classes in Washington, D.C. on the case histories of CIA before leaving the CIA in 1953.

4:29 Again, very, very important. He would go on to become the editor of the Houston Tribune. The editor, CIA, journalism, Washington or Houston Tribune. Why is Houston important? Well, we know Houston is a hotbed for Operation Gladio based on the book, The Mafia, CIA and George Bush.

5:00 A lot of their operations was conducted out of Houston. And again, if we've not done all this research, this would mean nothing to us. While researching a story on the Garrison case for the newspaper, Wood was hired as an investigator for Garrison. Another guy that was working with Garrison was a man named Harold Weisberg. He felt...

5:32 Weisberg might have convinced Garrison that he was still a CIA agent, which led to his firing later because Weisberg was probably correct in that statement. Wood interviewed William Martin. William Martin is important to the whole Gladio aspect of the JFK assassination because he had worked at the international trademark.

6:03 in New Orleans. And we know that the international trademark was part of the Gladio supply chain out of the port of New Orleans. It was the mechanism to get money in and out. It was a mechanism to get arms in and out. And William Martin told him that Shaw might have been part of the old Galen CIA apparatus. What? Shaw?

6:36 The guy that was the center of Garrison's operation, part of the Galen CIA, meaning Operation Gladio. Again, this is huge, huge. So I just wanted to, but then the author, because this is kind of the whole nature of this book, but I like reading these things.

7:10 because of this little tidbit right here, but you have to read 700 pages to get the tidbits, which is why I don't generally bore you guys with all of these books. But here's how the author frames that tidbit of information. There is no evidence to substantiate that claim, meaning that the Galen CIA apparatus

7:37 was at all tied to anyone in the CIA. What? Yeah, it's like one of their fundamental parts. So anyway, I just thought you guys would find that interesting given all of the other information that we've gone through. So back to our current book, Safe for Democracy. We're on page 319. And we begin with the...

8:07 other track of the Cuba operation, i.e. assassination. Soon after Desmond Fitzgerald came on board, there was a scheme to get Fidel with an exploding seashell. Sam Halpern, whom Desmond Fitzgerald retained, questioned the legality of the enterprise when he learned about it and took the matter to the CIA counsel, Lawrence Houston.

8:36 The lawyers decided that if the project had been authorized by the president and attorney general, it would be legal. Now, Houston is the same guy that says no covert operations is legal. So just keep that in mind. The seashell plot never materialized, but a new possibility arose. Desmond Fitzgerald's plan hinged on encouraging a coup against Castro.

9:07 By the Cuban military. Like that was new? That formed the operational goal of the June plan. When Desmond Fitzgerald briefed the Joint Chiefs of Staff in September, one theme was how the CIA had begun studying the ways German generals had plotted against Hitler during World War II. Langley asked the Pentagon to assemble all of the data they had on Castro's officer corps.

9:37 From Miami, Ted Shackley's foreign intelligence chief, Nestor Sanchez, spent a good deal of time traveling Latin America and chatting up Cuban officers in different countries. The Pentagon intelligence provided all of his information. One officer, Major Rolando Cubela Siquez, met with the CIA in Mexico City in early 1961.

10:07 Over the months there, there were repeated indications that he may be a defector. Cubela in Spain, as the Cuban military attache, could travel freely and met with other CIA officers in Helsinki during the Mongoose period. He became a CIA agent codenamed A.M. Lash, L-A-S-H. Nestor Sanchez pursued.

10:37 Fitzgerald's ambition to trigger a coup. Returning to Langley, the Cuban chief assigned Sanchez as case officer to A.M. Lash, whom he met in Brazil in September 1963, which is interesting because that's when the CIA was there doing their coup against Brazil. Cubela spoke of an anti-communist circle in the Cuban military.

11:04 which was music to CIA's ears. But even though they didn't like communism, they were still loyal to Fidel Castro. The Cuban went on to Paris. Although he told the CIA that he wished to get away from politics and wanted nothing more to do with Sanchez, the agency officer followed him to the French capital. Nestor Sanchez claimed,

11:32 dissent from the conquistadors, and spoke fluent Spanish. He could trade on war stories from Korea, where Sanchez had started out with the agency in 1951, and he had been a deputy station chief in Guatemala City during Project Success, which is the CIA's coup against Guatemala. He was a veteran of a dozen years in the CIA, with service in Latin America and the Middle East in the 1950s.

12:02 He was able to talk to Cabela of cutting ties. Instead, Cabela turned the conversation into getting rid of people. Only in that way could a coup ever succeed. Sanchez later maintained that Fidel himself was not mentioned. But A.M. Lash proved no easy sell. Cabela...

12:25 feared the U.S. would walk away from the plot like they had done with the Brigade 2506. He wanted assurances from a senior U.S. official. A.M. Lash specified Robert Kennedy. He also wanted weapons, high-powered rifles with telescopic sights. Sanchez had no authority to make any of these deals. After Cabela's second request to meet with a top official, on October 17th, Richard Helms cleared Desmond Fitzgerald to follow up.

12:54 with instructions to present himself as a personal representative of Robert Kennedy. Fitzgerald's counterintelligence chief warned him that A.M. Lash might be an imposter working for Castro's G2. But that didn't seem to slow him down. The meeting took place in Paris on October 29th. And again, this is critically important because at the time, that's NATO.

13:30 Desmond Fitzgerald's interpreter. Fitzgerald's field report and San Halpern agreed that they avoided any mention of the actual operation. Nevertheless, Rolando Cubala demanded equipment support and the CIA provided it. Scientists at Langley crafted a poison pen with toxic chemical injection. Nestor Sanchez went to Paris to hand over the pen. He met Rolando.

13:58 Cabela, again, on November 22nd. Only hours later, JFK was killed. At the moment of Kennedy's murder, Desmond Fitzgerald sat in a Georgetown City Tavern club at lunch with a foreign diplomat who fed the agency gossip. When the Cuban task force chief heard of the assassination, he thought immediately of Cabela and the Castro murder plot. He hoped there was no connection. Yeah, right.

14:27 He knows there's no connection. San Halpern drove Fitzgerald back to Langley afterwards. The chief discussed Kubela at the time. That moment marked the effective end of the CIA's assassination plots, though the Kubela affair dragged on. The CIA gave weapons to Kubela, and there were fights between Langley and Miami over the shipments.

14:54 with several sums of money handed over. Manuel R. Time independently contacted Kubela in late 1964 and received CIA money to fund the Kubela plot. In March 1966, Castro's security services arrested A.M. Lash, who was sentenced to 25 years in prison. The CIA murder plot received no attention at the trial, though the R. Time contacts figured prominently.

15:22 When the Rockefeller Commission and the Church Commission investigated this affair in 1975, Joe Califano learned that his suspicions about why the CIA needed all of the biographical intelligence had been correct. Meanwhile, John Kennedy's successor, LBJ, brought a different perspective to the White House. LBJ may not have known that Kennedy had put into place peace feelers towards Castro.

15:52 but he certainly felt less committed to the secret war. Alexander Haig believes it a fact that LBJ understood JFK's assassination as a result of the murder plots. That was what they were alleging. That was going to be the excuse is they were doing all of these murder plots against Castro and then Castro got pissed off and then arranged the assassination of JFK, which doesn't,

16:21 hold any water at all because at the same time, JFK was reaching out to both the USSR and Castro. But that's the story they're going to go with. LBJ also voiced doubts regarding the Cuban exile groups, including our time and his connections to the brigade in Nicaragua. LBJ ordered curtailment of the U.S. military Cuban enlistment program.

16:54 For Joseph Califano, the consequence would be very painful on February 24th, 1964, with Ernesto Oliva, who made the last of many appeals to use the Cuban assault brigade against Castro. Oliva slumped in his chair when Califano rejected the idea. A few days later, he and several others resigned.

17:23 Cubans volunteered for the special Cuban program between 64 and 65. Oliva went to Thanksgiving dinner at Califano's home. Later, he returned to the U.S. Army Reserve, from which he had finally retired as a brigadier general. But the intentions of the several thousand Cuban recruits clearly showed from the fact that only 61 of them continued in U.S. service after training. In November 1965, the initiative would be phased out.

17:53 The Cuban operation began dying as sensitivity to the problems of control increased. Around the time Califano saw Oliva, Desmond Fitzgerald sent McComb a paper that went over the options. In March, Desmond Fitzgerald reported again on the status of our time and Ray's autonomous operations, extolling their deniability and using a fresh version of the disposal argument.

18:21 Soon the U.S. terminated its support to the exiles, but it would go on, just not overtly. Especially Ray's group, the secret warrior, anticipated that the groups would be ready to become active in two or three months. On April 7th, LBJ held a White House review. McGeorge Bundy recommended continuing economic brigade propaganda and intelligence gathering.

18:49 But he wanted discussion of future sabotage missions, both the CIA and the exiles, autonomous ones. Well, if you're being briefed on them, they're not very autonomous. John McComb referred to Fitzgerald's integrated program to argue the marginal value. President Johnson had doubts. McComb insisted the U.S. still wanted Castro's.

19:17 forces to rise up in a rebellion. He was deadly serious about all of it, Ray Klein remembered. It was crucial to have Cuban communism be a failure. If we couldn't destroy it, we ought to make it unattractive as possible by making it a poor showing economically for the Cuban people. Yeah, starve the people to prove that they have a bad government like they don't know already. Robert McNamara

19:49 reiterated what for him had now become a hard conclusion. The covert program had no chance. The real question for McNamara had become what should Washington's overall policy towards Cuba be? President Johnson would hold more of these discussions, but the question of bringing the Cubans' action to a halt had been squarely posed. In May, LBJ adopted his basic stance of cutting back on it, but not ending it.

20:20 About the same time, Our Times Group conducted its first significant raid on a sugar mill and Ray tried a highly publicized infiltration. Ray never made it. Mechanical breakdowns on boats and a variety of other excuses were advanced as a reason why. As for the Our Time Group, in two years, it attempted 14 operations and completed four. None of this impressed the White House. Gordon Chase fed.

20:49 Mack Bundy, a stream of new objections on both diplomatic and political grounds. On June 18th, the special group decided against immediate changes, but shortly afterwards came charges of corruption among the Our Time group, on which the CIA had already spent $5 million. Langley decided the charges were groundless, but the episode did nothing to increase any confidence. The Johnson White House steadily backed away from the exiles.

21:19 Not money-wise, just politically. Secret warriors like Ted Shackley never gave up. The Miami station chief deplored the on-again, off-again orders they were getting from Washington. His commandos had began drifting away. Shackley still felt that he had units that could wage an effective guerrilla campaign in Cuba if only the strategy from Washington could be sustained. And an account...

21:49 Pre-occupied with strikes, raids, and condemnations of those he worked for, Shackley never pauses to explain how his Cuba operations, any more than all of the other failures, could bring down Castro. Official support only encouraged the Cubans. And in the new atmosphere, the CIA, on June 10, 1964, reported that the exiles had their own plan to assassinate Castro. Our time links to Rolando Cubela.

22:18 The special group pondered this for a week. In the face of McComb's comments that it must all be Miami cocktail party talk, the Wizards of Secret War decided to alert the FBI and Justice Department. Washington could not permit the plot to be carried out. The ground had shifted too much. Periodic NSC discussions and autonomous exile strikes continued through late 1965, but Cuba had increasingly...

22:48 been left behind on the agenda. Scattered data indicates at least one CIA infiltration operation that year, but not much else. The special group deliberations on Cuba took place during the summer and Mac Bundy forwarded a CIA paper to LBJ. This framed an LBJ decision to cut back even more. Support to the brigade in Nicaragua ended. CIA bases in the Florida Keys closed one by one.

23:19 The Cuban task force stayed alive. Dave Phillips succeeded Fitzgerald and eventually Jim Flannery followed him. But the project accomplished little. As long as the exiles continued plotting and the agency needed to know, plus holding the hands of the Cubans who wanted it, the Miami station stayed alive.

23:45 As Cuba operations wound down, agency logistics wizard Jim Garrison took Jake Esserling with him on a visit to a secret CIA supply dump in the Midwest. Esserling thought he had better things to do, but Garrison talked him into going on the trip. The stockpile was vast, cases of rifles, heavy weapons, and other equipment. See all of that?

24:15 Said Garrison, you made me buy that. Esterling ended his career in Miami running JM Wave years after Shackley had left. Through the Cuban project, the secret warriors created a cadre of military skills, one that far outlasted the CIA operations themselves. As the Johnson administration changed gears to pursue, from pursuing Castro to focusing on Africa and South America.

24:45 Those Cubans became a fresh legion at the command of Washington. The Secret War would just choose new fronts. And by the way, in other books, that cache of weapons was the ones that were kept just outside of San Antonio. Africa, and it's weird how some of these books won't include that. Why wouldn't they? I mean, it's a well-known fact now. Africa became the next theater in the Secret War.

25:18 Barely had the Congo been reunified when in the summer of 1963, a new rebellion commenced in the country, led by another former minister, Pierre Muleli. The CIA learned that Muleli had been in China for an extended period of time, presumably for instructions. Oh my God, he's a communist. That fall, his troops began attacking Mubato.

25:47 in Muleli's home province. This could not have been worse for Leopoldville. The UN was withdrawing, even as Mubato's army remained far from effective. The rebellion known for Muleli, or as the Simba Rebellion, for the name Lion in Swahili, rapidly grew. Representing LBJ and Averill Harriman visited

26:14 the Congo in March 1964, promising more aid to Mobato, who is basically a dictator and has killed tons of Congolese on behalf of his CIA bosses. Secret warriors faced a new problem. The CIA's best chance and Mobato's lay in the new undercover air effort. This had been built gradually, starting with the import of T-6 trainers from Italy. The additional

26:43 weapon pods converted the aircraft to basically a ground support role. The first mission was flown from a strip in Kualu province in February. After Harriman's visit, the air project accelerated. Better T-28 aircraft came along. Along with pilots, the CIA had sent to Intermountain Aviation in Arizona to check out the planes. John Merriman of

27:15 Intermountain trainer for the project, became the chief of operations for the Congo air effort. Joining him was Air America pilots Ed Dearborn and Don Coney, as well as many Cuban exiles, among them Gus Ponzoa, leading 15 Cuban pilots in the T-28 unit.

27:42 After that came a formation of B-26 bombers led by Hakeem Varela, a top flyer in the CIA B-26 program. The U.S. Air Force transferred the bombers to a classified project on June 26, the last aircraft of its type it gave to the CIA. Exactly a month later, Merriman became the first casualty of the CIA air campaign when he broke rules.

28:11 prohibiting combat missions by Americans to take up a T-28 against a reported Simba truck convoy. His wingman was Ponzoa and Varela, both Bay of Pigs veterans. His plane hit, Merriman nursed it to a crash landing, but was injured so badly he died a few weeks later. In June, Mobato installed a new cabinet under Moishi.

28:42 Toussambi, who had been recalled to Congo from exile. He's the guy that led the Katanga rebellion for the CIA. The CIA saw few favorable signs, though it reported Katanga stable. Two months later, however, a special national intelligence estimate frankly admitted that the regional dissidents and violence have assumed serious proportions, even by Congolese standards.

29:13 and produced the threat of a total breakdown of governmental authority, meaning their dictatorship was threatened. Zombie's prospects were put at no better than 50-50, and if he fell, there was no telling where it might end. Days later, Rebels seized Stanleyville and made hostage all whites, including American consul, his assistant, CIA base chief David Grendwes, and his two radio men.

29:44 15 other Americans and hundreds of Europeans, including missionary nuns and mining engineers. Because again, Belgium has still got the mining contract and they're still mining uranium in Katanga. The need for a force to defeat the rebellion became acute. The new Congolese army elements were now white soldiers of fortune, principally of English and Belgian, proud to call themselves mercenaries.

30:15 A few hundred of them made up a small battalion called 5 Commando under the South African Colonel Mike Hoare, H-O-A-R-E. It remains unclear what role the CIA had in financing the 5 Commando because available documents, principally in the Intelligence Review of CIA African Activities in 1964,

30:44 The main parts of it excised, removed. But there's indication that there was lots of political payoffs and that they were larger than ever. And at that stage, the Belgian mining company still reigned. Five commando and the CIA Air Force spearheaded the Stanleyville relief effort while the Americans and British embassies kept their distance. The U.S. military attache, Colonel Newt,

31:17 Roldstein happily talked to Hoare and went on the mission. Varela CIA aircraft was crucial in breaking up ambushes and supporting the commandos. With the first B-29 combat mission on August 21st, as Hoare neared Stanleyville, it seemed he was too late. The great powers took a hand. In Operation Dragon Rouge, which is Red Dragon,

31:47 Late in November, Belgium paratroopers flew in by the U.S. Air Force, captured Stanleyville to free the hostages. The use of special forces had been considered but rejected. More than 2,000 foreign nationals were evacuated to Leopoldville. Stanleyville now became a main base for air operations in Northeast Congo. Through all of this, the agency

32:12 had been deathly afraid for the people in Stanleyville and needed to replace the staff. Richard Holm just returned from Laos where he had watched Ho Chi Minh Trail, transferred to the African division and was preparing for assignment to North Africa, was diverted to the Congo. Holm had been taking French lessons from Larry Devlin's wife. Larry Devlin is the CIA guy.

32:41 that was in charge of murdering Patrice Lumumba and who returned to the Congo and eventually dies there. His grave is in the Congo. Okay, so you had Glenn Fields and Holmes in Stanleyville. They arrived in December and Holmes flew with a T-28 attack plane

33:20 Two planes were trapped by a weather front. Holmes' aircraft crashed. He survived horrible burns, rescued and cared for by the villagers. Case officer Charles Kogan saw Holmes on his return and was amazed he even survived. Several years of rehabilitation were necessary before he could return to duty. Cuban pilot Juan Tunan of the second plane was never seen again.

33:49 Later missionaries reports established that Tunin had been captured by Simba, killed, and then eaten. The Congo became a bloody project for the agency. Several months after Holmes' serious injury, a CIA contract officer, Bill Woyrozemski, W-Y-R-O-Z-E-M-S-K-I,

34:18 working out of Albertville, died in a head-on collision with a Congolese army truck. Meanwhile, Che Caveras shows up. Fidel Castro had convinced Che to make Africa a way station on his quest to carry on an independent, non-colonial crusade being mounted out of Cuba.

34:51 Fidel promised that he would continue preparations while Che Cavera did his tour. Che traveled through Eastern Europe to Algeria and Tanzania, where he connected with the Simbas. These are the resistant fighters. The Congolese were embarrassed, fearing international reaction to news that Che Cavera was in theater. Victor Drake.

35:22 Perhaps the most senior black became Shea's second and led the unit to Africa. They infiltrated from Tanzania. From April to November of 1965, a Cuban column worked in a nearby province. Their first battle occurred in late June. The CIA learned of the Cubans in September. Even then, no one really believed that Shea Calvera was there.

35:51 Special forces now send advisors and teams. At one point, station chief Benjamin Cushing volunteered CIA funding for Mubato's entire mercenary effort. It was reported that he rejected the offer, but there's also a lot of reports that they just set up a proprietary and he got the money anyway. Although the Simba enclave where Shea

36:24 Thought became stronger for a time. Mubato's forces began an offensive at the end of September. Meanwhile, the Cuban base in Algeria disappeared with the overthrow of the Ben Bella government. And in October, the Organization of African Unity, which contributed money and arms to the Simba, halted its support. Shay could read the tea leaves as well as anyone. At a certain point, we realized the thing was lost.

36:52 that the Congolese themselves had made a decision to end the fighting. The Cubans withdrew to Tanzania. In 1965, Mobato launched a new coup and installed himself as the national leader. He renamed Leopoldville Kinshawas. The Congo, he renamed Zaire in 1971. Hoare's five commandos continued to fight for Mobato for another five years, but the rebellion had peaked.

37:21 More mercenary units were added. Shambi went into exile again. Lured from Madrid in 1967 to meet ostensible backers on a Mediterranean island, his airplane was hijacked to Algiers and he was put in jail. He died there two years later. Lots of rumors about him having been poisoned. That July, the mercenaries revolted.

37:48 the U.S. quickly deployed a joint task force Congo with several C-130 aircraft and 150 men who flew Congolese troops to fight the mercenaries. Inept Congolese army efforts allowed the mercenaries to hold out for a few months, but the issue was never in doubt, and eventually they were driven across the border. In both Stanleyville's airdrop and the 1967 episode, the Johnson administration avoided notifying Congress of any of it.

38:18 Dean Russ spoke to a few senior members privately, a measure increasingly common with covert operations. Through all of this, the CIA air unit remained absolutely vital. Agency officers determined the missions. The unit would have been familiar to any Bay of Pigs veteran, or for that matter, any American airman from Jungle Jim. It included 10 C-47 transports, eight

38:48 or nine, depending on when it was, B-26 bombers and eight of the light T-28 fighter bombers. The Cuban pilots were hired by one of the ubiquitous Miami corporations, i.e. front companies. This one particular called Caribbean Aero Marine, CARAMAR. If employed under conditions similar to 5 Commando, the pilots would have been on six-month contracts. They called themselves the Cuban Volunteer Group.

39:18 led by Rene Garcia. Often gathering at a favorite restaurant, the pizzeria, people joked that a couple of hand grenades of an evening would wipe out the entire Zairean Air Force because it was all Cuban exiles who hung around in Miami when they were back on break. Mubato had no pilots of his own until the CIA showed up with their advanced aircraft.

39:49 In October 1964, a new unit of mercenaries became active under a South African, Jerry Perrin, P-U-R-R-E-N. This was known as the 21st Squadron. The CIA Air Force became 22nd Squadron. Belgian pilots and maintenance crews worked the transport airplanes. The combat aircraft were repaired by Western International Ground Maintenance Organization.

40:20 which was registered as a Lichtenstein Corporation employing 50 to 100 European mechanics. When more mercenaries were hired later to run patrol boats on one of the lakes, they also maintained warships on the lake. The CIA flew vessels in pieces to Albertville, where they were reconstructed and put on the lake.

40:46 An American SEAL officer from Vietnam, Lieutenant James Hawes, H-A-W-E-S, supervised all of it. The CIA proprietary continued to work with the Mubato government through 1969. In mid-1966, there were only a dozen Cuban pilots, but they accounted for the mass majority of the air sport. It was like the entire Air Force for Zaire.

41:16 Public interest grew after a New York Times story ran on the CIA in which it discussed the agency putting an instant air force in the Congo. Washington decided to begin phasing out the Congo project after the news article ran. According to Cyrus Vance, and the first of the B-26 left Congo in February 1966.

41:42 As late as August 67, the special group approved recruitment of additional Cuban pilots to fly in the Congo. This would be the final contingent. After the air operations ended, Rene Garcia stayed to become Mubato's personal pilot, flying the dictator wherever he wanted for another 16 years. Mubato would die in 1997.

42:11 In classic Congolese style, Laurent Kambila, a Simba leader of the 1960s, would rule the Republic of the Congo, as he renamed it back to its original name, for several years at the end of the century. The agency continued to face off with Fidel Castro, who did not give up on Africa after his misfortune in the Congo. Simultaneously, the Che...

42:40 expedition, Castro sent another column under Jorge Risque to Congo-Brazilville, the nation on the opposite bank of the Congo River from Mubato's Zaire, and a former French colony. The 250 Cubans under that force had multiple purposes. They served as a potential reserve for Che Guevara until his operation was over. In 1966,

43:10 The doctors in the unit organized the first vaccination campaign ever carried out in that country. Another aim, continuing in revolutionary solidarity, was to train fighters for groups in Angola, where an independence movement fought Portugal to liberate that African colony. The fighters returned to the Angolan enclave of Sabenda.

43:40 june of 1966 the cuban unit broke up a military coup against the brazzaville government about six months later the unit returned to cuba aboard a russian vessel a smaller cuban training mission remained behind still working with the angola independence movement known as the mpla and if you guys remember from our earlier study the mpla was basically

44:10 The only, those people were basically from the cities in Angola where UNITA, and I forget what the name of the other one was, were kind of the Bush people, the tribal people, but they were in areas that had the resources. And that's who the CIA decided to aid in the Angola conflict.

44:37 where the MPLA were the only ones that had the wherewithal to manage a country administratively. And so you find yourself again in this paradox where it's actually the Cubans that are supporting the only viable option in Angola, and the CIA is supporting the tribes that control the resources. The few Cubans...

45:07 went undercover and entered Cabinda to work directly with the rebel movement. When leaders planned an attack on a Portuguese fort, a larger Cuban force participated, and the Cubans even contributed four artillery guns to the Angola Revolution. Suddenly, B-26 bombers and Cuban exile pilots show up in Angola in support of keeping it a colony of Portugal. There were private adventurers,

45:40 And basically, the proprietary the CIA was using this time was, again, Intermountain Aviation. And they were illegally exporting B-26 bombers to Portuguese Africa.

45:59 The affair began in April 1965 when executives from the Tucson, Arizona firm called Aero Associates approached a British pilot about ferrying 10 B-26s to Portugal. The first transfer went smoothly, but a second flight, the pilot John Hawk, forced by bad weather to land in Washington, D.C., suddenly suffered engine trouble on his approach.

46:25 He flew over the White House, which is prohibited airspace. When questioned by federal officials, Hawk used the code word Sparrow. He had been given for an emergency and was released. He completed the flight, as well as five more. In Miami on September 1965, however, federal officers arrested Hawk, who went on trial in the fall of 1966, along with Gregory Board of Aero Company.

46:52 and middleman Henry Murray de Maren, the men were accused of violating U.S. arms exports. The trial took place in Rochester, New York, where Hawk had stopped on U.S. soil during his ferrying mission. Now, again, he's doing this under CIA. Defense lawyers subpoenaed CIA General Counsel Lawrence Houston, requiring his testimony.

47:20 Although Houston denied any CIA connection with the arms shipments, he affirmed the agency had known all along of each B-26 transfer in advance. The CIA document admitted in evidence dated May 25, 1965. The very early approval of the project specified that Portugal had acquired 20 of the B-26 bombers.

47:46 which were to be modified in Canada with long-range fuel tanks. Former agency officials identified the source of the planes as Intermountain Aviation and Evergreen International, both of which was CIA proprietaries. And the defendants were acquitted. And you guys know I used to work for Evergreen. As a maintenance troop, didn't know any of this shit.

48:17 Many covert action proposals emanated from the CIA headquarters, but many others came from the State Department or agency people in the field. In Africa in the mid-60s, according to a survey by the State Department's Bureau of Intelligence and Research, which is just another name for the CIA in the State Department, the larger number came from the field, the smaller from Langley, of course.

48:46 Of all the continents engaged, the CIA stretched the most in Africa. Despite its expansion on this continent in 1959, the combination of many former colonies attaining independence and the lack of various specialties or specialists left in the agency, it left them playing catch up. The African division handled some nations remotely by sending officers from other posts.

49:11 undercover operatives covering an itinerary like traveling salesmen. This was not only Langley's problem. The State Department survey makes clear that increases in CIA capability corresponded roughly to states' own drive to focus on African countries. The two agencies frequently clashed over field versus Washington initiatives and the means and ends to what objectives were going to be worked on.

49:40 And interestingly enough, you guys see the correlation as they decolonialize in an overt fashion in Africa. They are recolonializing in a covert fashion using the intelligence agencies. There were also fights within the agency. For example, when the field proposed that the CIA recruit rebel Holden Roberto in Portuguese Angola.

50:11 Langley came together on the opportunity, but the State Department split. Its African Bureau supported the idea, but the European people opposed it. Four distinct proposals to fund Roberto were tabled in 1964.

50:34 But the special group finally deferred action to John McCone and approved it because, again, they do whatever the CIA wants. So the CIA wanted them funded, so they're going to eventually get money. Yet the CIA and African specialists ultimately won. Roberto went on the payroll. Although the Congo absorbed much of the African division's capability, Tentacle soon reached many other places, Angola being one of them.

51:02 There were other political actions in Somalia. The special group approved in February 1964. That project went on for years. The special group reportedly considered a State Department proposal of supplying arms to certain groups in Tanzania, where secret war wizard saw President Julius Nyerere as a problem. A problem meaning he doesn't play with Western imperialists.

51:32 In the summer of 1964, Washington viewed Ghana's leader, Kwame Karuma, as a troublemaker as well. Again, these are all strongmen who are wanting, basically they're nationalists like Patrice Lumumba. They're all a problem for the CIA. The CIA's role in Ghana seems to afloat both from Washington and the field.

52:01 a nationalist hero and first president of independent Ghana. Karuma had an uneasy relationship with the U.S., educated in missionary schools and also in America in the 30s and 40s. He was not a Moscow puppet, they determined. He had his own program, which he labeled African socialism. Turbulent.

52:38 Guyanaan politics, Ghana, sorry, had soured Karuma, who became increasingly agitated after multiple assassination attempts in 1962 and 64 because he had just watched Patrice Lumumba be assassinated in 1961. Imagine getting pissed off at the West when they're trying to kill you.

53:10 he began to introduce press censorship and imprison anyone he viewed as an opponent after they tried to kill him. And this is what we talk about often in these stories. This is the blowback. Instead of reaching out to him and embracing him and trying to show him how great our supposed democracy model is, we try to kill him and he cracks down.

53:41 and then the whole country goes to hell. And then we use that as an example of how they can't lead, and they're incompetent, and more people die. Ghana's economy went into deficit as prices for cocoa plunged. He attributed the hardship to being attacked by the colonial powers. Washington, in turn, blamed him for anti-Americanism. American aid

54:14 for a dam in the upper Volta River and to develop new economic resources was hung out to try to get him to embrace America. He attributed the January 1964 assassination attempt to the CIA. The Johnson administration stepped carefully around that question. The U.S. Ambassador William Mahoney assuring LBJ,

54:47 that the CIA was under full control and the CIA denied any involvement, which means absolutely nothing. In February 64, he sent Johnson a letter asserting that there were two conflicting establishments representing the US, the diplomatic mission and the CIA. They seem to devote all of their attention to fomenting ill will, clandestine and subversive activities among the people,

55:18 and impairing any good relations that could exist between the two governments. Johnson, in turn, reassured that both the CIA and his ambassador was on the same sheet of music. But Washington's record was not innocent. As early as February 6, 1964, Dean Rusk had asked John McCone about suitable candidates to replace him. They discussed the very general who was eventually to move against.

55:51 the Ghana government. The two men speculated on the possibility of concocting a covert operation with MI6. When the State Department proposed an action program, it had the explicit purpose of thwarting any activity that the current president had in his eventual overthrow. The proposal was to undermine him by threatening to hold aid.

56:20 recognizing his opponents and promoting them and using psychological warfare to diminish his support. Johnson deliberated on this program at the exact moment that the Ghana president sent his letter telling Johnson his CIA was trying to assassinate him. And Johnson replied saying, I don't know what you're talking about.

56:50 And there were dated documents saying they were attempting to do exactly that. LBJ went ahead with the damn aid, but he may well have approved undermining the government as well. During a home visit in March of 1965, Ambassador Mahoney met with Director McComb and the African Division Chief John Waller. They discussed a coup plan in Ghana to be done by...

57:22 buying off police and senior military figures, including General Joseph Ankara, the same man McCone and Rusk had considered a year earlier. Evidence indicates that Ghana's military plans were well known to the CIA, which reported on them more than a half a dozen times in 1965. What we do have is a series of confident predictions of a coup from both the ambassador

57:52 who accurately foresaw that he would be replaced in a military junta within a year, and NSC staffer Robert Comer. And that summer, Karuma detected the coup plot and cashiered the general. The Ghana generals and their pathetic plot, more than a year old, was temporarily stymied.

58:21 Karuma strove for a role on the world stage, trying to be a peacemaker and end the Vietnam War. This more than anything else pissed Washington off, especially when he tried to intercede between the British and Guyana Chetty Jagan. He also made unwelcome overtures in the Middle East. Man, he's like chalking up every enemy there is because we're in the middle of overthrowing Guyana's.

58:53 Chetty Jagan at the time, and were deeply embedded in Vietnam. And this guy's on the wrong side of the CIA on every issue. He's got like targets everywhere. In the summer of 1965, he sent diplomatic envoys to meet North Vietnam, suggesting that he himself visit the following year. He tacked on visits to Burma and China, according to, holy crap.

59:25 According to CIA political operative Miles Copeland, under whom the agency had begun an effort to plant astrologers on world leaders known to favor a cult, the CIA occult agent may have had a role in convincing Karuma to plan this trip. In 1965, he published a book called The...

59:50 Ghana leader published a book called Neocolonialism, The Last Stage of Imperialism. That raised everybody's eyebrows in Washington. Then came an overt move towards Moscow. He accepted Soviet arms and training for his presidential guard. That was Washington's last straw. William McConey left ACCA for good in the summer of 1965.

1:00:21 And for eight months there, there was no U.S. ambassador. Station Chief Howard Bain, B-A-N-E, had him much freer hand. He proposed the CIA sponsor a coup. The views of African Division Chief Glenn Fields are not known. But he began, he was amenable to the efforts in the Congo.

1:00:44 And his deputy, John Waller, had made his mark in the 1953 CIA coup in Iran. So the whole thing is filled with coup guys. So what? Bain thought it was short-sighted, as a colleague later put it. He had no patience for what was going on. Howard Bain, another man who came to Africa from the DO Far East Division, had an affinity for the military.

1:01:14 A knuckle-dragger in Korea, he had run a net to rescue downed flyers. In India, he had been a backstop to the Tibet Project, which we've already talked about, which was an insurgent into Tibet to create stay-behind units. He also had been involved in the African effort in Kenya with the CIA, not faced by the special group's rejection.

1:01:46 Bain took advantage of his instructions to keep a close watch on Ghana military. With a complement of various case officers, at one point, there were 36 case officers. A few winks and a nod from Bain with U.S. support to Ghana soldiers with just a pair of brigades, both based in Accra.

1:02:16 There were not that many to convince. Bain had time to suggest that Langley send a few officers from the Special Operations Division, the coup machine, who could not only shore up the expression of support, but use the coup to get documents and code material from the Chinese embassy there. A unilateral operation undercover of the coup.

1:02:46 headquarters was all supportive. But in mid-January of 1966, Bain reported that a rash of coups elsewhere in Africa had basically scared off the Ghana officers. And on February 17th, there was concrete indications of a plot called Operation Cold Chop.

1:03:16 for a time when the president was out of the country. Karuma left Ghana on February 22nd. The coup occurred on the 24th. General Ankara was the head of the military junta that claimed power, which is the guy the CIA wanted. That coup supposedly, according to the author, surprised Washington, which is...

1:03:49 hogwash if you read other accounts of it. Somebody wrote, Bob Comer wrote a memo that said the coup in Ghana is another example of a fortuitous windfall. Yeah, right. It's just coincidental, according to Walt Rostow, that the CIA knew and had funded all the plotters. In Tanzania, meanwhile, Shea Cavera

1:04:26 had been there for months after leaving the Congo. There, he turned his diaries into a narrative seeking to understand what had gone wrong. He stayed there until early 1966 when a top officer came to give Che Guevara the latest assessment on prospects of revolution in each Latin American country.

1:04:52 Che Guevara really wanted to fight in Argentina, but security services there had suppressed all the dissident networks. In Peru, the CIA and the government foreclosed that option. That left Bolivia as a major prospect. Che Guevara's hope lay in that area. That's the end of that part. We're not quite done with the chapter, but we're going to stop there for today. Holy crap.

1:05:32 A lot of information, a lot of details. Oh, it's so hard to keep track of all of them. Holy crap. It's like there's no country with a single ounce of resources that the CIA has not meddled in leaving a string of dead bodies in their wake. Holy crap. I agree. Lots of information. And, you know.

1:06:08 I think it's good every once in a while because it's probably been two years, maybe two and a half years since we did our around the world tour on all of these locations and covered most of these coups in more detail. They go back to the very beginning of our spaces here on X.

1:06:32 When you get them, and we spent weeks going around the world talking about these individual coups, but when you get them all in one book, kind of like the Killing Hope book from William Bloom, it's a lot. It is a lot. And William Bloom's book, basically just a couple of pages per coup.

1:07:00 just to kind of give you an overview of how nefarious this whole thing is. It doesn't include all of the station chief's names, the operators' names, the names of the companies that were used as proprietaries. This book is a gem when it comes to that. So anyway, lots of information. Okay, anybody have anything at all?

1:07:36 Getting ready for Easter. Getting ready for Easter. I know. This is really the first Easter with my grandbaby that we're going to be able to do an Easter egg hunt. And I bought him a really cool little outfit to wear on Easter. They're going to come over. We'll hide some Easter eggs. And all of the Easter eggs has these little trucks inside of them. So it's going to be lots of fun. Yep.

1:08:08 Well, that's going to be exciting and make for a lot of pictures. Yes. Yes. So exciting. Adolph, did you have something you wanted to say? I think he's trying to talk, but we don't hear him. Adolph, I must be glitching because I could see your mic was open, but we couldn't hear you. Let me drop you down and bring you back up.

1:08:41 Yeah, our X space is under massive attack. I've had people tell me over the last couple of days in DMs that they'll come in and they can't hear anything. I saw a lot of people popping in and out, even in the beginning. Yeah, I don't know what's going on, but they're definitely messing. They're taking so many people's accounts down.

1:09:08 They're being massively attacked and reported. So it's crazy. Adolf, you want to try to talk again? Nope. Not going to let him talk. That's so crazy. Sorry, dude. It's just, yeah. He must be popping out to try to come back in. Yes, we can hear you now. I'm sorry. Could you elaborate more on the Wizards of Secret Wars? That is news to me.

1:09:45 Could you tell me more about it? The Wizards of Secret Wars? What are you talking about? Wait, the line that you basically mentioned, I have to look back. Particularly the Wizards that you just mentioned who have been orchestrating the operations. Well, they're not like Wizards.

1:10:11 wizards. That's a term that like when Frank Wisner was in charge of the covert operations of the CIA, they called it the mighty Wurlitzer. They referred to it, that's kind of just a slang name for the CIA operators that go around and conduct covert operations to overthrow governments.

1:10:42 Okay. They don't like literally mean wizards. Oh, okay. Got it. Yeah. They act like wizards in the fact that they think they can control everything, but not the literal kind of magic wizards. Yes. Yeah. Okay. I have got a six o'clock podcast with, let me bring up.

1:11:14 Seben Jones, that will be broadcast over on X at six o'clock. I've not been on their podcast before, so it's going to be kind of a basic what's going on with Operation Gladio kind of thing in the CIA. But looking forward to that.

1:11:38 Early show this morning with Tommy, that's out. That was a crazy show. It's the longest one we've ever done, two hours. But it was very insightful as far as what's going on in the world today.

1:11:59 As you guys know, please say a prayer for War Hamster. He woke up with a sore throat today. I think he has that crud that is going around other people and he couldn't do the show at noon. So hopefully he'll have some time this weekend to carve out that we can get the show done. And if that happens, I will post on X whenever we're gonna do it because of course we'll do it live as we normally do.

1:12:27 Sounds like the same thing that went through here that we fought with for a couple of weeks. Well, hopefully his doesn't last that long. Amen. Yes, it does sound similar. Okay. Well, we're going to be done with that. I will do at least one show over the weekend on our U2 series over on the premiere area on Rumble.

1:12:57 We will be back on Monday. So you guys have a happy Easter and have the rest of your good Friday and nice weekend. And we will see you back on Monday. Take care, everybody. Happy Easter to you too. Thank you. Thank you.

Entities here

Congo27 CIA25 Ghana19 Fidel Castro16 Kwame Nkrumah16 Lyndon B. Johnson13 Rolando Cubela11 Mobutu Sese Seko11 Cuba11 Mike Hoare10 Desmond Fitzgerald9 John McCone7 Nestor Sanchez7 Operation Gladio6 Howard Bane6 Angola6 Manuel R. Tineo6 Che Guevara6 William H. Woodin5 Stanleyville5 U.S. State Department5 Tanzania5 Brigade 25064 Joe Califano4 Ray Cline4 Belgium4 Leopoldville4 Robert F. Kennedy4 ARC Wings4 Portugal4 Simba Rebellion4 Richard Horn4 Jim Garrison4 Ted Shackley3 Patrice Lumumba3 Sam Halpern3 McGeorge Bundy3 Averell Harriman3 Dean Rusk3 MPLA3

Claims made here

William H. Woodin member_of CIA book_quoted ▶ 3:25

“and we all know there's no such thing as formerly with the CIA, worked as an investigator for Garrison's assassination investigation under a pseudonym, Bill Boxley, which again tells you he's not a fo…”

William Martin member_of International Trademark book_quoted ▶ 5:32

“Weisberg might have convinced Garrison that he was still a CIA agent, which led to his firing later because Weisberg was probably correct in that statement. Wood interviewed William Martin. William Ma…”

William Martin spied_on Reza Pahlavi book_quoted ▶ 6:03

“in New Orleans. And we know that the international trademark was part of the Gladio supply chain out of the port of New Orleans. It was the mechanism to get money in and out. It was a mechanism to get…”

Operation Gladio front_for International Trademark host_asserted ▶ 6:03

Desmond Fitzgerald recruited Sam Halpern book_quoted ▶ 8:07

“other track of the Cuba operation, i.e. assassination. Soon after Desmond Fitzgerald came on board, there was a scheme to get Fidel with an exploding seashell. Sam Halpern, whom Desmond Fitzgerald ret…”

Desmond Fitzgerald targeted_for_regime_change Fidel Castro book_quoted ▶ 8:36

“The lawyers decided that if the project had been authorized by the president and attorney general, it would be legal. Now, Houston is the same guy that says no covert operations is legal. So just keep…”

CIA recruited Rolando Cubela book_quoted ▶ 10:07

“Over the months there, there were repeated indications that he may be a defector. Cubela in Spain, as the Cuban military attache, could travel freely and met with other CIA officers in Helsinki during…”

Nestor Sanchez member_of CIA book_quoted ▶ 10:37

“Fitzgerald's ambition to trigger a coup. Returning to Langley, the Cuban chief assigned Sanchez as case officer to A.M. Lash, whom he met in Brazil in September 1963, which is interesting because that…”

CIA supplied_arms_to Rolando Cubela book_quoted ▶ 13:30

“Desmond Fitzgerald's interpreter. Fitzgerald's field report and San Halpern agreed that they avoided any mention of the actual operation. Nevertheless, Rolando Cubala demanded equipment support and th…”

CIA ordered_assassination_of Fidel Castro book_quoted ▶ 13:30

Manuel R. Tineo financed_via Rolando Cubela book_quoted ▶ 14:54

“with several sums of money handed over. Manuel R. Time independently contacted Kubela in late 1964 and received CIA money to fund the Kubela plot. In March 1966, Castro's security services arrested A.…”

Lyndon B. Johnson removed_from_power Ernesto Oliva book_quoted ▶ 16:54

“For Joseph Califano, the consequence would be very painful on February 24th, 1964, with Ernesto Oliva, who made the last of many appeals to use the Cuban assault brigade against Castro. Oliva slumped …”

CIA funded Manuel R. Tineo book_quoted ▶ 20:49

“Mack Bundy, a stream of new objections on both diplomatic and political grounds. On June 18th, the special group decided against immediate changes, but shortly afterwards came charges of corruption am…”

Jim Flannery succeeded David Atlee Phillips book_quoted ▶ 23:19

“The Cuban task force stayed alive. Dave Phillips succeeded Fitzgerald and eventually Jim Flannery followed him. But the project accomplished little. As long as the exiles continued plotting and the ag…”

David Atlee Phillips succeeded Desmond Fitzgerald book_quoted ▶ 23:19

CIA supplied_arms_to Mobutu Sese Seko book_quoted ▶ 26:14

“the Congo in March 1964, promising more aid to Mobato, who is basically a dictator and has killed tons of Congolese on behalf of his CIA bosses. Secret warriors faced a new problem. The CIA's best cha…”

John Merriman member_of Intermountain Aviation book_quoted ▶ 27:15

“Intermountain trainer for the project, became the chief of operations for the Congo air effort. Joining him was Air America pilots Ed Dearborn and Don Coney, as well as many Cuban exiles, among them G…”

Simba Rebellion carried_out_attack Stanleyville book_quoted ▶ 29:13

“and produced the threat of a total breakdown of governmental authority, meaning their dictatorship was threatened. Zombie's prospects were put at no better than 50-50, and if he fell, there was no tel…”

ARC Wings member_of Mike Hoare book_quoted ▶ 30:15

“A few hundred of them made up a small battalion called 5 Commando under the South African Colonel Mike Hoare, H-O-A-R-E. It remains unclear what role the CIA had in financing the 5 Commando because av…”

Belgium carried_out_attack Stanleyville book_quoted ▶ 31:47

“Late in November, Belgium paratroopers flew in by the U.S. Air Force, captured Stanleyville to free the hostages. The use of special forces had been considered but rejected. More than 2,000 foreign na…”

Lawrence Devlin ordered_assassination_of Patrice Lumumba host_asserted ▶ 32:41

“that was in charge of murdering Patrice Lumumba and who returned to the Congo and eventually dies there. His grave is in the Congo. Okay, so you had Glenn Fields and Holmes in Stanleyville. They arriv…”

Simba Rebellion assassinated Juan Tunan book_quoted ▶ 33:49

“Later missionaries reports established that Tunin had been captured by Simba, killed, and then eaten. The Congo became a bloody project for the agency. Several months after Holmes' serious injury, a C…”

Che Guevara member_of Simba Rebellion book_quoted ▶ 34:51

“Fidel promised that he would continue preparations while Che Cavera did his tour. Che traveled through Eastern Europe to Algeria and Tanzania, where he connected with the Simbas. These are the resista…”

Mike Hoare carried_out_attack Simba host_asserted ▶ 35:22

“Perhaps the most senior black became Shea's second and led the unit to Africa. They infiltrated from Tanzania. From April to November of 1965, a Cuban column worked in a nearby province. Their first b…”

CIA funded Mobutu Sese Seko host_asserted ▶ 35:51

“Special forces now send advisors and teams. At one point, station chief Benjamin Cushing volunteered CIA funding for Mubato's entire mercenary effort. It was reported that he rejected the offer, but t…”

Mobutu Sese Seko overthrew Simba host_asserted ▶ 36:24

“Thought became stronger for a time. Mubato's forces began an offensive at the end of September. Meanwhile, the Cuban base in Algeria disappeared with the overthrow of the Ben Bella government. And in …”

Mobutu Sese Seko renamed Leopoldville host_asserted ▶ 36:52

“that the Congolese themselves had made a decision to end the fighting. The Cubans withdrew to Tanzania. In 1965, Mobato launched a new coup and installed himself as the national leader. He renamed Leo…”

Mobutu Sese Seko renamed Congo host_asserted ▶ 36:52

CIA funded Caribbean Aero Marine host_asserted ▶ 38:48

“or nine, depending on when it was, B-26 bombers and eight of the light T-28 fighter bombers. The Cuban pilots were hired by one of the ubiquitous Miami corporations, i.e. front companies. This one par…”

CIA supplied_arms_to Mobutu Sese Seko host_asserted ▶ 39:18

“led by Rene Garcia. Often gathering at a favorite restaurant, the pizzeria, people joked that a couple of hand grenades of an evening would wipe out the entire Zairean Air Force because it was all Cub…”

CIA funded UNITA host_asserted ▶ 44:10

“The only, those people were basically from the cities in Angola where UNITA, and I forget what the name of the other one was, were kind of the Bush people, the tribal people, but they were in areas th…”

Cuba funded MPLA host_asserted ▶ 44:37

“where the MPLA were the only ones that had the wherewithal to manage a country administratively. And so you find yourself again in this paradox where it's actually the Cubans that are supporting the o…”

Intermountain Aviation supplied_arms_to Portugal host_asserted ▶ 45:40

“And basically, the proprietary the CIA was using this time was, again, Intermountain Aviation. And they were illegally exporting B-26 bombers to Portuguese Africa.…”

CIA funded Intermountain Aviation host_asserted ▶ 45:40

“And basically, the proprietary the CIA was using this time was, again, Intermountain Aviation. And they were illegally exporting B-26 bombers to Portuguese Africa.…”

CIA funded Holden Roberto host_asserted ▶ 50:34

“But the special group finally deferred action to John McCone and approved it because, again, they do whatever the CIA wants. So the CIA wanted them funded, so they're going to eventually get money. Ye…”

CIA attempted_assassination_of Kwame Nkrumah host_asserted ▶ 54:14

“for a dam in the upper Volta River and to develop new economic resources was hung out to try to get him to embrace America. He attributed the January 1964 assassination attempt to the CIA. The Johnson…”

Dean Rusk ordered_assassination_of Kwame Nkrumah host_asserted ▶ 55:18

“and impairing any good relations that could exist between the two governments. Johnson, in turn, reassured that both the CIA and his ambassador was on the same sheet of music. But Washington's record …”

CIA carried_out_attack Kwame Nkrumah host_asserted ▶ 57:22

“buying off police and senior military figures, including General Joseph Ankara, the same man McCone and Rusk had considered a year earlier. Evidence indicates that Ghana's military plans were well kno…”

Joseph Ankrah overthrew Kwame Nkrumah host_asserted ▶ 1:03:16

“for a time when the president was out of the country. Karuma left Ghana on February 22nd. The coup occurred on the 24th. General Ankara was the head of the military junta that claimed power, which is …”

CIA funded Joseph Ankrah host_asserted ▶ 1:03:49

“hogwash if you read other accounts of it. Somebody wrote, Bob Comer wrote a memo that said the coup in Ghana is another example of a fortuitous windfall. Yeah, right. It's just coincidental, according…”