The Colonel's Corner Safe for Democracy CIA Secret Wars Part 1

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0:00 Hello, SR. How are you today? We're doing marvelous today, Colonel. Just got back from the dentist, got one more trip to go, and we're done with. You're never done with the dentist. Newsflash. Well, I did ask him when I'm due false teeth, and he said not yet. Yeah, you're never done with the dentist. As a matter of fact, I'm dreading going, but I do need to go myself.

0:32 At some point I'll go. I've had more dental work in my lifetime than most people would have in five lifetimes. Anyway, that's like, that's the worst thing ever as far as I'm concerned. Okay. So I'm going to give you just kind of a preview of this book.

1:07 And just so that you guys know, this book is, let's see, 25 chapters. And some are much longer than others. But it kind of goes through a bunch of the things that we've been through. But it does have details that I've not seen in other books, which is why I decided to do that.

1:39 Going over some of these operations not only plants them firmly in our brain for us to be able to talk about, but each book adds a different flavor to information we've already had. Now, some people have made comments. The author is John Prados, P-R-A-D-O-S.

2:09 And you're going to find a lot of different things written about some of the authors that we cover. And because what we're trying to do is get an understanding of the entire operation, you can't just read one side of it. That's a fallacy that people fall into. We want to know.

2:36 all sides of these operations, and we can discern the truth for ourselves. And that's kind of the approach that I take. You guys know that I read books from what would be the proverbial left and rights perspective, because each one of them is going to give us something different. And that's how you learn the truth.

3:06 Because the truth is always somewhere in the middle. The first chapter starts with a gamut of special operations. And this author, much to my chagrin, doesn't go in order. But that's okay. It's obviously the prerogative of the author. I like books that kind of go in a chronological order. That's just the way my brain works.

3:36 Since we just finished The Devil's Chessboard, this book will give us a different perspective of an operation that it didn't even cover. Because it starts out with a statement that is made 30 years after the fact. And it says that JFK's man apologized.

4:05 What had happened at the time had been deadly serious, so serious in order to get an ally to go along. The U.S. had to threaten an invasion of another enemy that would have led to nuclear war. The CIA did not quite kill Jetty Hagan, which is the guy that's in Guyana, but did its best to put him out of business.

4:35 I don't know if you pronounce his name Hagen or Jagen. It's G-A-G-A-G-A-N. The Prime Minister of British Guyana. Headed for independence as a nation of Guyana. Had raised hackles in Washington. The CIA had orders to get rid of him. In the early 1960s.

5:00 This attempt at regime change, filtered through America's Cold War struggle with the Soviet Union, was the latest in a long series of CIA covert operations. Jagen became both victim and exemplar. Quote, we misunderstood the whole struggle down there, unquote, author Schlesinger said in 1994. JFK's court historian and private advisor,

5:31 had made Latin America one of his special interests. Guyana had become Schlesinger's special mistake. Of course, Schlesinger had helped. In fact, he had initially held a relatively relaxed view of Jagen as a Gaiwanese leader. The CIA was not as pessimistic. In an intelligence estimate issued on March 1961,

6:02 The agency looked ahead to elections in the South American country, concluded that Jagen's political party, quote, will probably succeed in winning the right to form the next government, unquote. The CIA further concluded, Jagen himself is not an acknowledged communist, but his statements and actions over the years bear the marks of the introduction and advice of communist.

6:32 So in other words, they're admitting, this is like John Brennan's, it has the hallmark of Russian disinformation. They present him basically as a communist to JFK to get the authorization to do what they're going to do anyway. They also went on to say that Jagen's US-born wife, who exercises strong influence over him, is an acknowledged.

7:03 communist. She isn't in office. She's not the prime minister, but you know, she has all the hallmarks of a communist. The only bright element lay in the U.S. intelligence brief that Jagen, to preclude interference in Guyana's move towards full independence, would not immediately lead the country towards the left and would hesitate to do so later. This was actually their assessment.

7:34 He's not a communist and it's not likely they're going to be a communist, but we want to overthrow him anyway. President Kennedy's National Security Council assessed Guyana's situation a few weeks after the disastrous CIA failure in April 1961 Bay of Pigs operation. They feared Guyana succumbing to the dark forces of Fidel Castro. Significantly,

8:02 The task of figuring out what to do about Guyana rested with the same officials responsible for the failed policy of Cuba. Guyana began as a British rather than an American problem. Unable to sustain its empire following World War II, Great Britain responded to rising nationalism by granting increasing self-government and then independence to many of its former colonies. Guyana was one of them.

8:33 The Dutch West India Company held on to the territory that, this is back in the 1600s, sorry, until 1796 when it fell to the English during the Napolitanic Wars. In 1814, Guyana was ceded to England by treaty. The Dutch Portuguese and English brought in African slaves.

9:03 In the 1830s, the British also introduced indentured workers from India. By the 1950s, the East Indians, as they were called, had become a dominant population of about 46%, with Africans the next largest group at 36%. Jagen was from the East Indian stock. Sugar and rice were their main products. The country had the classic.

9:35 plantation economy. With large British corporations controlling most of the production and plantation workers, they were poorly paid and not provided for. They were not educated, nothing. Their energy fueled Guyana's politics. Born in 1918, the eldest of 11 children and a cane cutter, Chetty Jagen saw what big sugar

10:08 had done through his father's eyes. He was sent off to college in Northwestern and became a dentist. Northwestern University, sorry. He used his income to put the rest of his family through college. Jagen met Janet Rosenberg at a political event in Chicago. They married in 1943. When Jagen returned to Guyana, they thought themselves destined to organize the workers.

10:40 You know, because that's not allowed. In 1947, Jagen won election to a consultative council advising the British governor. Three years later, he and Janet founded a political party called the People's Progressive Party, the first mass political party in the country. It was multiracial and focused on nationalism, another thing that's not allowed. You can't represent the workers.

11:10 And you cannot represent your country in your own country. Jagen campaigned constantly for better working conditions and increased wages within the Sugar Producers Association. Representing the corporations that controlled the plantation, the association was not at all happy with Jagen. Great Britain, in 1953, permitted an election for an assembly in cabinet.

11:40 British officials convinced themselves during this period that Jagen was a communist. He wasn't. They had no evidence that he was. When he won, Jagen formed a government. His wife was elected deputy speaker of the assembly, which would be like our house. Jagen argued that British measures were insufficient and pressed for full autonomy. After barely four months in office,

12:09 the British dismissed the entire government. In 1954, they put Jagen and his wife in prison. That just made them more popular among the people. British hoped of dampening Gaiwanese feelings for Jagen, hinged on creating alternative political movements. One materialized in 1955 when Forbes Burnham, another founder,

12:41 of the People's Progressive Party. He was among the Africans. So the CIA went in there as well as MI6 and basically paid him to form another political party so we can play race and we can divide the people. Sound familiar? That's exactly what they did. In new elections in 1957, however, Jagen's party won the most votes and returned him to the cabinet.

13:13 not as prime minister, but on the advisory group. Business interests formed another political party in 1960 called the United Front, because we're going to have a spoiler. These people basically represented the Portuguese minority. The next election occurred in 61. Washington wanted to employ the CIA to keep Jagen from winning.

13:46 By now, the British were less convinced that Jagen was a political extremist. In late May, U.S. officials met with the British to agree on a program of action, but London refused to join a joint operation. They did not want America doing a unilateral operation either. Kennedy's Secretary of State, Dean Rusk, wrote to his British colleagues, Lord Hume,

14:17 We are not inclined to give people like Jagen the same credit or the benefit of the doubt, which was given to Castro three years ago. The British foreign secretary replied that any action would only make things worse and that London had no grounds to resume direct control and that Jagen had not been difficult since his return to government. In this 61 election,

14:46 Jagen's party won 18 of the 24 seats in the assembly, and there was no alternative worthy, capable of carrying forward, kind of like the Congo, around the exact same time. In writing about not giving the Gaiwanese leader any benefit of the doubt, Dean Russ referred to a CIA initiative. In August of 61,

15:16 Within days of election, the State Department sent President Kennedy a proposal that involved two tracks, open cooperation with the Gaiwanese in hopes of inducing Jagen to align with the West, but a CIA covert political action against Jagen if he did not. Allen Dulles figured prominently in the group as they hammered out the strategy. Arthur Schlesinger

15:43 actually helped keep the CIA out of the act, objecting that the covert initiative could easily get in the way of overt policy. JFK sided with Schlesinger. He was not interested. A second round of talks with the British took place in London in early September. Ambassador David Bruce led the American team. With CIA technical assistance, State Department officers were there to quote-unquote help.

16:15 Among them was William Burdett, Washington's point man on Guyana policy. The CIA senior officer at the London office was none other than Frank Wisner, the agency's former covert operations chief. Bruce received instructions to minimize the importance of the covert track if necessary, telling the British the project was only a plan.

16:47 that any specific move would be subjected to high-level U.S. consideration and British approval. Secretary Russ told Bruce, we should keep in mind the possibility of Jagen is a communist-controlled sleeper who will establish a Castro-like government. They knew that was a lie. The British again rejected.

17:19 Any covert operation. Author Schlesinger saw Dean Ross Cable to Ambassador Bruce and objected to the term sleeper. He said that had a specific spy connotation because, of course, it did. Prime Minister Jagen, perfectly aware the American officials viewed him with suspicion, knew Guyana needed foreign aid. Jagen thought.

17:47 a meeting with Kennedy to plead his case. He traveled to Washington, saw Kennedy, and Kennedy basically avoided giving any commitment. The American record notes that Jagen was, quote unquote, evasive. In his biography of Kennedy, Schlesinger adds that Jagen had made a faux pas. He had said that

18:20 he had read the monthly review. The monthly review that he was speaking about actually had a Marxist article in it. That's bad. Anything that they can use to justify what they already have planned to do will be pulled out. In the wake of J.N.'s visit, there would be no help for his country. The policy of overt cooperation

18:52 was shelved when President Kennedy ordered the State Department to send a survey mission to Guyana to prepare for quote-unquote technical assistance. But Kennedy took no action on any of the initiatives that had been presented to him. One month later, violent riots erupted in Georgetown. And those riots, by the way,

19:24 were caused and funded by the CIA. Unbeknownst, he has not authorized any covert operations. Britain has said they don't want any covert ops. There is documented evidence that I presented on the Alpha Warrior show that says the CIA and the labor unions in the United States were part of the riots.

19:54 Interestingly enough, this book doesn't have that in it. Jagen's government had proposed a tax increase because there was no foreign aid coming. A general strike began on February 12th. It turned into vandalism and looting. Four days later, when police fired on rioters, killing two, all hell broke loose. The situation assumed a racial character because the CIA was behind it.

20:27 And they look for fault lines in countries. And keep in mind, as we go through this, the labor unions are being paid their full salary by the CIA to riot. Kind of like what's going on in America. But sure, it's all for and done. It has nothing to do with the CIA. So they targeted stores primarily owned by East Indians.

21:04 While the opposition parties and those trade unions that catered to the African population maneuvered to take advantage, Jagen could have mobilized East Indian laborers from the plantations to fight the brawlers. But instead, he asked the British, who still had troops there, to help. London deployed a battalion of troops, some brought in from a local island in Jamaica.

21:35 From the prime minister's residence, called Red House, Jagen watched as entire blocks of the downtown area was lit on fire. Jagen later told a British diplomat, as relayed to Americans, that he thought leaders of the United States and CIA officers had fomented the riots.

22:05 Prime Minister Jagen asked for the UN inquiry, but ultimately settled for one from the British Commonwealth. Jagen's charges that the CIA fomented the 1962 riots have been repeated. And then the author says they were rejected, but we now have declassified documents that substantiate that. And let me look. I know I looked at this before.

22:34 This was written in 2006, and I think those documents were declassified by then. That's why I tell you guys to take this information, because it does provide details, but not necessarily the whole story. Over the next weeks, assurances were given by the CIA to President Kennedy, by the State Department and other officials, that the spooks had nothing to do with it.

23:03 They lied to JFK. It is suggestive that Edward Lansdell, a political action expert monitoring CIA operations simultaneously underway against Cuba, asked agency officers a few months later why they figured they could provoke a general strike in Cuba when the CIA itself admittedly had the inability to carry off such actions, which again is not true.

23:35 And we know that because they've done it everywhere. They did it in Chile. They did it in Brazil. They did it in Guatemala. The CIA had some influence over the trade unions as a result of work that they had done before. Then he goes on to say, but the covert project for Guyana had yet to be approved. We know that doesn't matter. They don't work for the president.

24:11 It is true that the U.S. officials used those riots to write off Jagen. On February 19th, while the smoke was still rising, Dean Russ sent a strong message to the British Foreign Secretary declaring it mandatory that they take concerted remedial steps. This is a quote.

24:37 I must tell you now that I have reached the conclusion that it is not possible for us to put up with an independent British Guyana under Jagen, Rusk wrote. He saw him as a quote-unquote Marxist-Leninist paralleling Castro. They have literally no evidence of this. Rusk continued.

25:07 It seems to me clear that new elections should now be scheduled, and I hope we can agree that Jagen should not be allowed to compete. There remained dissenting voices in the Kennedy administration. One of them was Adelaide Stevenson, Washington's ambassador to the UN. When Stevenson learned of Russ' letter to Lord Holm, he wrote the secretary and sent a copy to JFK.

25:34 The British stalling on Guyana's independence would simply strengthen Jagen. America's involvement would be impossible to conceal over time, Stevenson said, while disclosure would substantially damage the U.S. in Latin America. They don't care. What was more, quote, the damaging effect of such disclosure would be magnified if the U.S. involvement were of the character.

26:04 which might be inferred from the last sentence of your letter, unquote. Stevenson ended by asking to be briefed on any CIA plans. Lord Hume was not persuaded. The foreign secretary replied to Rusk and declared that Great Britain would not go back on his course of bringing the colonies to independence and certainly could not gain from failing to pursue that course in the case of Guyana.

26:35 Hume met Russ' declaration head on. Quote, you say it is not possible for you to put up with an independent British Guyana under Jagen and that Jagen should not accede to power again. How would you suggest this be done in a democracy? Unquote. Even within the CIA, there was some voices of reason.

27:05 Participants at the CIA director's morning staff meeting on February 26th listened as officials reported three Cuban merchant vessels en route to Guyana. Within a day, CIA analysts were able to prove, so the vessels supposedly have arms on them. That was reported. That's how they generate intelligence. But other analysts went back and looked.

27:32 And there was no arms on the vessels at all. At the White House, Arthur Schlesinger warned JFK that both the CIA and the State Department had the notion that the president had made a firm decision to get rid of Jagen. On March 8, 1962, President Kennedy signed a directive, a National Security Action Memorandum, explicitly stating that no final decision would be taken on Guyana's policy until a British survey mission and...

28:08 follow-up conversations with London and answers to Kennedy's questions. This was the first time in recorded history that a president went on record saying don't do something. National Security Action memorandums were specifically used to direct action. He is demanding they don't do anything.

28:36 in a National Security Action Memorandum, which is a directive. I can't tell you how unusual that is. It was also striking in that where action memorandums were supposed to dictate action, this one mandated inaction. Many Kennedy National Security Action Memorandums were signed in his name by McGeorge Bundy.

29:10 But the president personally signed this one. A week later, Secretary Rusk talked with the British in Geneva. In his report, Rusk noted that the London did not exclude action, but was not willing to go down that road until every avenue was exhausted. Rusk would later admit, I do not believe covert action with or without British is indicated.

29:41 Russ ended by asking the department to use diplomatic channels and to ask CIA Frank Wisner to stop. One thing President Kennedy demanded as a prerequisite for his decision had been analysis of the possibility and limitations of action. March 15th, the State Department completed a policy paper. Its third option specified a program designed to bring about the removal.

30:12 of Jagen. Analysis in the paper indicated the project clearly envisioned covert U.S. political action and that British acquiesce at a minimum would be necessary. State recognized negative factors, conceding Adlai Stevenson's point that the U.S. must be prepared to pay heavily in the public world opinion. If evidence were presented showing the U.S. covert

30:42 operation activities. Even without such evidence, Russia and Cuba would be expected to say that is what happened and it would diminish U.S. credibility in Latin America. They don't care. The Guyana paper framed Anglo-American conversations in Washington where the British survey mission reported its results. At the May 17th meeting,

31:12 Deputy Undersecretary of State Hugh Alexis Johnson took pains to say the U.S. feared chaos in a communist government, insisting on the need to work closely to avert a catastrophe. Code words to convince London to acquiesce to U.S. action, if not rise to the occasion themselves. Again, it's all nonsense. Reprising Dean Russ' cautions of a month earlier.

31:41 Johnson indicated that Washington saw Jagen in the same light that they saw Castro. We do not intend to be taken twice, he said. The British, on the other hand, reported that Guyana's large sugar corporations were not worried and mentioned that two of the biggest had no wish to become involved politically at all. One, the Booker's group, probably considered Jagen the best leader.

32:12 The state paper in the Washington talks became the basis for the deliberate shadowy unit called the Special Group, the highest U.S. government unit dealing with covert operations. When the Special Group met on March 20th, Guyana was the third item on the agenda. The group refined a CIA project proposal next sent to Britain. London's resistance to covert action

32:45 would weaken with this attack, both by the CIA in London and the ambassador and the State Department and the CIA overall. When President Kennedy and Prime Minister Harold McMillan met in May of 62, the British agreed to a special arrangement of consultations with Washington on Guyana.

33:14 At informal secret talks, the Americans presented their action program. You know, the one that Kennedy said don't do. McMillan still rejected the most energetic measures, but decided he could abide by some CIA efforts to manipulate Guyana's politics, which, by the way, they had already started doing. By June, Arthur Schlesinger had told President Kennedy that an independent British Guyana

33:44 Under Burnham, if Burnham will commit himself to multiracial policy, could cause us fewer problems. He was already on the payroll of the CIA. Schlesinger intended his policy advice to guide Kennedy's decision on covert actions. The CIA carried out many kinds of activities, ones that aim to influence the domestic affairs of other states known as political action.

34:12 The Guyana Project would be a political action. The most obvious was to recruit and pay persons of influence in the targeted nation. Such opinion makers could include politicians, businessmen, labor leaders, and journalists, just like they do here. Labor leaders because they would put bodies on the street on demand. Journalists because...

34:45 They could put bodies in the street, or excuse me, they could broadcast media and shape opinions, just like they do here. And if the intelligent operatives had good enough connections, they could concoct the stories, make them up out of whole cloth, just like they do here. They would take CIA's carefully crafted lines and drum them into the population.

35:19 by repetition. Judicious dollops of CIA money would make all of that work. When subjects were aware of the role of American intelligence, they could be said to be witty. Unwitting people were those deliberately kept in the dark about the CIA's role when they were asked to do something. British intelligence operatives could pretend to be of other nationalities.

35:51 using a false flag approach. But even if they revealed their true colors, they could usually not identify themselves as CIA officers. They would be used as cover. The CIA command center in any country is called a station. It is always located with the U.S. embassy. They would direct bases in other places throughout the country.

36:21 Stations were typically staffed by officers under quote-unquote light cover, you know, like the Office of Public Safety for USAID or the Office of Transition Initiatives under USAID soft cover or the foreign officer. They also would be deployed into countries under commercial cover like business owners.

36:55 They also posed as military people. Even deeper cover, undercover were officers. Sorry about that. My husband just got home. They would pretend to be no connection to the U.S. government at all. These persons were under non-official cover. The persons they recruited agents or assets eventually.

37:25 were mostly aware of the CIA's origin of the plots that they were carrying out. Agents were always left somewhat in the dark in case they were to spill the beans. But political action like Guyana, over time, they became transparent. The object was, as Schlesinger put it, to ensure that the government of an independent Guyana

37:58 took the coloration that Washington desired right down to who was in charge of it. To make that happen, the CIA used agents of influence to create propaganda, place news that it wanted written, labor agents to produce visible opposition, and political agents to oppose those who the CIA decided were enemies. CIA suffered through

38:32 even as it began to focus on Guyana. For those months, this was months after the disastrous Bay of Pigs invasion, there were investigations, postmortems, a National Security Council policy review, and even an inquiry. A generation of CIA leadership had been swept away, except, oddly enough, the agency's Western Hemisphere chief,

39:00 the man who would have ultimate command of the Guyana Project. Colonel, as in military colonel, Joseph Codwell King. He became the go-to guy. King had spent his entire career in Latin America doing studies on the American, excuse me, on the Amazon water basin.

39:27 And who did he work for while he was doing all of those quote unquote studies? None other than Nelson Rockefeller. Yeah, Nelson Rockefeller. He also worked as a special agent in the FBI. As an entrepreneur, King had opened a condom factory in ultra Catholic Brazil.

40:06 and made a considerable profit. Later, he sold the plant to Johnson & Johnson, in which he was given stock. The company continued to blossom throughout Latin America. King became its vice president, selling in Argentina and Brazil. King did a lot in Brazil, even during the coup there in 1963 or 4. He was very involved there as well.

40:41 King, let's see, his military rank, some people questioned it because he didn't appear to have a military record. However, that's not unusual. We have military officers who do classified work, and when you ask for their records, you don't get them. When the FBI had been in charge of intelligence in Latin America, King had joined the Bureau.

41:15 In the late 40s, that role had been overtaken by the new CIA and King transferred to the CIA. He soon became the chief of the Western Hemispheric Division. When the agency overthrew the government in Guatemala in 1954, King was there. Wags called him Jesus Christ. And that's where he got his nickname, J.C. Presided over the early part of...

41:55 the U.S. involvement in Cuba, when in fact the U.S. had been taken in, using their words, air quotes, taken in. As Kennedy, people kept telling the British, King escaped blame for the Bay of Pigs because it had been managed at a level above his pay grade, leaving him out of the loop of accountability. Some recalled that officials feared his strongly conservative politics

42:25 might skew the project. The colonel had nonetheless been an advocate of ousting Castro, and in 62, he saw Guyana as an opportunity to build a wall around South America. King's branch chief for this venture, a capable lieutenant, was Virginia H. Hall Gillott, G-O-I-L-L-O-T.

42:54 among the most senior women in the CIA's clandestine service. Paul had lost a leg in World War II when parachuting into France to work with the resistance. She was highly decorated. In 1950, she married Paul Gillott, an OSS comrade with the resistance. She joined the CIA in 1951, originally as a branch officer for Western Europe. Are you ready for this? She...

43:32 was in charge of designing France's stay-behind units. She was responsible for designing France's stay-behind units, which means she was working with Nazi Reinhard Galen and Alan Dulles and Otto Skorzeny. You can't make this shit up. On the paramilitary staff in 1954, she too had worked on the...

44:11 Guatemala operation. Despite her experience, the legendary Hall had needed 11 years to obtain one level promotion to field grade. For the Guyana Project, she would play an important role. Hall took the need to build capabilities inside the country and started to work.

44:41 In early 1962, the CIA had no station in Georgetown and lacked direct contact with Jagen's opponent, Forbes Burnham. That's not true. The CIA was already there operating just undercover because Forbes Burnham was already on their payroll. Hall recruited a Gaiwanese psychiatrist whose brother was an aide to Burnham. She sent CIA officer Joseph Smith to Barbados.

45:12 one weekend that February to meet the agent and his brother. Smith instructed the aide in trade crap, including how to write secret notes. For the project, there would be no question of resorting to quasi-military operations or mounting a coup. He was going no matter what. And again, this is before JFK ever gave the go-ahead. Guyana

45:41 had no armed forces to draw into the game. And Jagen's popularity remained such that even after the Georgetown riots, no possibility existed for armed resistance, which in any case, the British army would fight. The broad strategy was evident from the beginning, require an election, carry out a political maneuver to reduce Jagen's chances, then do everything possible to influence the outcome. The CIA had appropriate resources.

46:11 because they're selling drugs everywhere, including labor and international organizations. The director of operations controlled the CIA clandestine service had the twin mission of espionage and covert operations. The Western Hemispheric Division and J.C. King worked for the director of operations. So did the covert action staff with all of their political warfare experts and labor activists.

46:42 By early 62, the Directorate of Operations had a new boss, as did the CIA itself, the Deputy Director for Operations of Professional Intelligence Officer Richard Helms. He had stayed out of the limelight of the Bay of Pigs and managed to survive. Alan Dulles is gone. The new CIA Director, John McCone, told Helms he would be the man for Cuba because Cuba

47:20 by then was seen as a dangerous exporter of revolution. It monopolized the CIA's efforts. McCone remarked that Cuba would require special attention. Helms readily conceded that Central America and the Caribbean had been neglected ever since the creation of the agency, which is not true. They were never neglected.

47:51 We've already, by the 60s, overthrown Guatemala. We're preparing to overthrow Brazil at this time. And we were actively involved in many of the Latin American countries. We're all over Cuba, which means we've already controlled, let's see, Honduras.

48:22 were already in El Salvador, they didn't lack attention. The demand for Guyana's covert actions lay squarely within the frameworks alongside a more ambitious project pursued directly against Cuba. These were among Helm's first projects. Planning for Guyana depended on a fresh special national intelligence estimate. We need a new one because we need to blame him for all the stuff so we can get JFK to change his mind.

48:55 This study looked at the Georgetown riots and concluded that racial conflict was likely to continue and be the basic factor in Guyana politics. That offered the DO operators the obvious ability to exploit. They created it, and now we're going to exploit it. The analysis found Forbes Burnham, leader of the opposition party, to be an, quote,

49:30 advocate of extremist measures in government, unquote. Jagen himself could not be determined to be a Marxist. And the intelligence estimate assessed he would probably follow a policy of non-alignment or independence in Guyana. So he's not a communist, but he's equally bad because he's going to be neutral. That's not allowed either.

50:01 The conclusions flew in the face of Washington's rationale for the operation, but that didn't matter. Also ignored were the warnings that Burnham's leadership weaknesses and the potential dangers of a government under his control. But the judgment that Burnham's party had virtually no following other than the blacks held key importance. In the 1961 elections, Burnham,

50:33 had polled 41% of the votes. From an operational viewpoint, the problem was to increase Burnham's attractiveness, cooperate with third-party movements like the United Front, and produce a coalition to go against Jagen's popularity. The measure that could substantially improve this picture would be to persuade the British to create an electoral system based on proportional

51:06 representation, in which minority votes in districts that would otherwise have won Jagen's PPP would still count towards seeding the opposition. So mess with the electorate, just like they do here. In June 1962, the Directorate of Operations hatched a plan, a CIA memorandum to the special group and the NSC staff director for intelligence, William Brubeck.

51:35 summarized the concept. Schlesinger was impressed with Burnham, not knowing he was already on the CIA's payroll in a Washington's visit. He told JFK in a memo dated June 21st, I agree that the evidence shows increasingly that Jagen's heart is in the communist world, which it was not. July 12th, Dean Rusk recommended a program to Kennedy.

52:13 premised on Jagen being a communist. We still have zero evidence of that, by the way. But the CIA announced Schlesinger is in JFK's ear. In a covering note forwarding Russ' memo plus intelligence reports to the president, National Security Advisor McGeorge Bundy, Mr. Skull and Bones, commented that a case against supporting Jagen existed.

52:45 In particular, Bundy said, I think it is unproven that the CIA knows how to manipulate an election in Guyana without a backfire. Schlesinger also joined the choir telling JFK the plan made him nervous, especially with prospects rated at less or equal to 50-50.

53:08 Does CIA think they can carry out a really covert operation, an operation which, whatever suspicions Jagen might have, will leave no visible trace that he can cite before the world, whether he wins or loses, as evidence of U.S. intervention? John McCone answered in a short paper on July 20th, satisfying President Kennedy, and the resistance evaporated. But the British...

53:39 hurdle had yet to be surmounted. Kennedy met British Ambassador Sir David Hormsby Gore in Massachusetts over July 21st and 22nd. He raised Guyana, telling the Crown's representative he wanted to know if British envisioned new elections, which would provide the opportunity for a government of different complexion to come to power through democratic processes. Democratic processes.

54:08 Okay, there's nothing about this that's democratic. We've messed with everything. The appearance of democratic processes. On July 25th, CIA Director John McComb saw the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board for a general review of the agency's covert financial support to political parties. McComb not only touched on the CIA's thoughts regarding Guyana.

54:37 Immediately afterward, he discussed CIA's labor operations and their relationship to American union groups, which would furnish the shock troops for the Guyana Project. Just like the unions here today were behind the shock troops in Minneapolis, where they closed the schools so they can use union people for shock troops.

55:06 There literally is no difference in what is going on in the United States and what the CIA has done everywhere else. This is the point I want to drive home. This is not foreign government. Meanwhile, McBundy followed up Kennedy's meeting with his own British counterpart, Cabinet Secretary Lord Hood, on August 6th.

55:34 Bundy emphasized urgency and warned against bogging down in endless talks. Let's get this coup done. Kennedy accepted a proposal for a team of four officers of British Secret Intelligence Services to come to Washington a week later. On August 8th, CIA Helms and State Department Alex Johnson.

55:57 agreed to bring matters to a head, forcing consideration of Gaiwanese political factors. Great Britain ultimately accepted the CIA's project proposal and consented to the Secret Intelligence Service's support. London's most important contribution came in the fall of 1962 when British set the date for a pre-independence election in Guyana.

56:24 later inducing the political parties to accept a formula of proportional representation in the National Assembly. This improved Washington's odds for a favorable outcome. When NSC staffer Carl Kaysen told McBundy the latest news on October 5th, he noted about Guyana, I think you know about the most interesting development here. Now it was up to the CIA.

56:51 and the British secret intelligence to get the ball rolling. The agency had longstanding ties to AFL, American Federation of Labor. They had played a central role in the 1949 creation of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions and the Inter-American Regional Labor Organization in 1951 and the AFL's American Institute for Free Labor Development.

57:22 which was their schoolhouse to teach union activists how to be basically CIA fronts. During the 50s, the Inter-American Regional Organization, O-R-I-T, and let's see, during the 50s, the O-R-I-T had been most active in Guyana, encouraging the lands

57:59 trade union council to follow the quote-unquote anti-communist movement. They needed more. There was a London-based affiliate, a secretariat for unions of government workers called Public Service International, PSI. From 1958, the CIA had also established relationships with the American Federal of...

58:32 American Federal of State, County, and Municipal Employees, AFSCME. So between all of them, the British, the U.S., the CIA embedded themselves in these labor organizations. And William McCabe was basically the lead CIA agent to coordinate all of this labor coalition.

59:09 McCabe had three years invested in labor work in Latin America, including Guyana. You know, where the author wants you to believe that we hadn't been there until now? No, he had already been working there. He's the one that was passing out money to the labor people that did the riots and burnt the entire city down. It's funny how in a book, he's talking about them having already been in Guyana, but then back here says that

59:39 There's no evidence that they were actually involved in it. I'm sorry, explain that to me again. Okay, McCabe had been in Georgetown during the 1962 riots, but we didn't find anything. Those who wondered about his lack of union background were told McCabe was who the British picked. They had been offering advice, the British labor movement, to the Gaiwanese.

1:00:16 Trade Union Council that was headed by an East Indian, Richard Ishmael. He had already attended the Union Labor Activist University training program in Washington, D.C. So Ishmael is one of them. As a percentage of unionists in the years before these events, more Gaiwanese went through that program.

1:00:49 which included lectures on the danger of communism. They're basically just recruiting these labor activists, training them in the United States and putting back into government so they can exploit the workers for the American oligarchs, or the British in this case. With the British mandated elections still far in the future, the CIA and the British intelligence service

1:01:17 could build their project patiently. Records indicate expenditures for Guyana that coincided with a program began by the labor efforts to build more than 500 houses for Ishmael's trade union council at a cost of $2 million.

1:01:42 So we're building up the reputation of the union that we're going to use to overthrow your government by building houses in your country. The agency's progress report circulated in mid-January 1963. Sending this to Kennedy for his weekend reading, McBundy noted in his precise handwriting, it moves moderately.

1:02:11 The representatives reported that Jagen had the upper hand, but Burnham's party conducted almost no organizational activity. Efforts to discredit Jagen included a united front surfacing a document with the text of his secret address to a 1956 party conference. In the speech, Jagen announced associates.

1:02:40 Just as Khrushchev had done in his secret talks to the Soviet Party, this maneuver was designed to say that Jagen was a Stalinist. The dissension among the ranks pleased the CIA. At the international level, the United States and British acted to complicate economic difficulties by closing markets for Gaiwanese exports, particularly rice, and economic warfare.

1:03:10 along with political warfare and covert actions like the riots. Guyana is under attack by the CIA. By April 1963, Jagen's financial distress had become so serious that he wrote to Kennedy asking about USAID. On April 15th, Cord Meyer, who we just spent an entire show on,

1:03:40 responsible for CIA labor operations, briefed the president's foreign intelligence advisory board, including Guyana, among his subjects. The centerpiece would be a general strike begun by the Trade Union Council with the CIA support. Triggered by Jagen's introduction of a labor bill that would give the government some powers over the union, the strike continued for

1:04:08 80 days, and this one was paid for by the CIA as well. Prime Minister Jagen calculated that the Trade Union Council would exhaust its strike funds in a month, after which the government would have its way. But Richard Ishmael met secretly with AFL-CIO officials, almost certainly including William McCabe, before declaring the strike. The foreigners promised help.

1:04:40 Historian Robert Waters and Gordon Daniels uncovered cables from McCabe and others reporting in great detail how our unions paid the salaries of labor interns during the strike. The AFL-CIA alone spent $800,000. American documents verified that.

1:05:10 But there's been other documents that said they paid all of the laborers too. The strikers did not miss a paycheck. Later investigations by British journalists concluded the CIA had furnished payments for the workers, travel expenses for the leaders, money for propaganda, and a daily 15-minute radio broadcast. The agency funneled the money through the Gotham Foundation, which provided grants to

1:05:42 The labor union, McCabe's parent organization. Gene Meekin, a labor specialist, worked directly for the trade union council, providing advice and editing radio scripts in a weekly newspaper. Ex-agency officer Philip Agee, the guy that the CIA hates, maintains that Meekins was a CIA man, although Meekins says he was not.

1:06:12 On the other hand, Meekins also claims that McCabe, well-established as a CIA employee, had been nothing more than a dedicated labor union organizer. So, in other words, Meekins the liar. There were physical attacks on government officials, including Janet Jagen. Richard Ishmael was identified in police reports as a member of a terror ring.

1:06:45 that plotted arson and bombings at government buildings. Forb Burnham, also named in police reports, was acquitted when placed on trial. Troops of the elite British Cold Stream Guard had to be called out to protect the unloading of freighters bearing food and other ships exporting merchandise. Trying to maintain an image of even-handedness, the British didn't.

1:07:18 deny any assistance coming into Jagan, even though they were basically arranging economic boycotts. June 21st, President Kennedy reviewed the state of play. John McComb and Richard Helms attended for the CIA, and Helms took notes. According to the notes, Helms opened the briefing on the strike, commenting that Jagan's tough position with the Trade Union Council. Kennedy would provide aid to Guyana if it helped the CIA project.

1:07:48 and anticipated another conversation with Prime Minister Macmillan. It was clear, Helms wrote, that the president regarded British Guyana as an important topic to discuss with the prime minister. All right, we're going to stop right there. I think you guys get the gist of this. There's so many parallels in this material.

1:08:18 to what's going on right now that I felt it's so important to do this book right now because of that. And I'm just, again, amazed at how they've done this so often that anybody that reads any of these books can, as Bridget and I always say, recognize the patterns of what's going on in our own country. Okay.

1:08:56 Let's get our speakers up. Warhamster, did you want to add anything? Yeah, a couple of things. Actually, it was really fun listening to. It tied a lot of other stories together. I was surprised I did not hear the name of William Dougherty Jr., though, unless I missed it, because that's the AFL-CIO guy that I first made the connection with, the concrete connection the CIA was working internationally with organized labor.

1:09:26 which of course meant the mafia connection as well was tied together. So if that name hasn't come up yet, I'm pretty sure it will. Well, and keep in mind that they list the actual people in those union infrastructures, not necessarily the leadership of it, but the leadership is implicated by default. In the notes that I had from way back when, I had Doherty and Meekins in the same sentence. Yeah.

1:09:54 The other thing I was just going to say is if anybody wants to go to my Twitter profile, the pinned tweet gives some more interesting background on Venezuela and Guyana. It's something I've had up there for about a month, but a little bit more fun information that talks about how the U.S. first became an empire in 1895. And what's interesting to me is so many, you know, basically nobody talks about Guyana.

1:10:21 Guyana has so many interesting lessons for us, not just during this period of time, but you fast forward because of this event, because we ended up controlling Guyana for many years after this event. You have after the Brazil coup, you have Jim Jones, who was living in Brazil at the time, by the way, sets up the original.

1:10:50 Jonestown, which was not used for his religious cult activities. It was actually a terrorist training camp. That was its original function. There's a river that comes up to it where they would ship people into Jonestown and Jones actually owned like two or three ships.

1:11:14 And they were using this waterway as a way in and out of that area to teach assassins and the whole rigmarole of basically stay behind people out of Jonestown. It was not until much later that Leo Ryan started investigating him in the San Francisco area as an approved foster guy.

1:11:40 foster care guy where all kinds of weird things was happening to children under his care. And when Leo Ryan started investigating him, he picked up his quote unquote church and relocated it to Jonestown, which he had already established as a terrorist training camp. SR, go ahead. Thank you, Colonel. And thank everyone for being here on Rumble and on Spaces here with the Colonel.

1:12:12 Two notes that I want to bring up here real quick. First of all, just so we're clear, why Guyana? Guyana, if you take a look at what Guyana has concerning minerals and resources, diamonds, gold, bauxite, you name it, therein lies part of the issue. The other thing that struck me, Colonel, was you mentioned

1:12:41 President Kennedy actually signing a directive prohibiting the CIA from doing something. And then you also stated, if I heard correctly, that it is one, if not the only one that he signed. Others were signed by other people in the administration. So are we looking at an auto pin? No, no, no.

1:13:11 His national security advisor had the authority to sign the national security action memorandums as a result of National Security Council. But Kennedy thought this one was so important that it be signed and it not be changed as far as wording goes. The significance of basically ordering a halt.

1:13:38 to anything until he was comfortable with the material, tells you just how much he did not trust the CIA. Thank you for clearing that up, girl. Yeah. Yeah. Very important. Did anybody else have anything? I wanted to, I had something written about this Gotham organization.

1:14:12 because it basically functioned as a CIA front. And now I know I had it marked and I'm not seeing it off the top of my head, but I'll have it for tomorrow because I did a little bit of digging into it and I found some interesting pieces to it. But I found it interesting, the connection of

1:14:44 JC King to Nelson Rockefeller too, because we know that Latin America was basically his bellyweck where the other Rockefellers were more involved in Europe and other places. Nelson was specifically concentrated on Latin America. That was kind of his bellyweck. SR, go ahead. All roads lead to Rockefellers.

1:15:15 That they do, that they do. I did find one interesting tidbit here about Goylette, or Goylette, Virginia Hall Goylette. Yeah. She received the Distinguished Service Cross in 1945. She's the only civilian woman to earn it in World War II, and it was presented by none other.

1:15:45 than oss chief william donovan yeah she wasn't a civilian she actually was part of the oss and then became part of the cia yeah she wasn't a civilian yeah yep i just found it fascinating that she actually helped set up what would become the o8

1:16:14 which of course was involved in the Kennedy assassination as well, because there's at least two of them documented being in Dallas that day. She would have been responsible for setting up the 11th Shock Battalion that was part of the Algiers mess and the 30-some assassination attempts on Charles de Gaulle's life. She helped set all that up.

1:16:43 just for context. I found all of that fascinating and how it ties into all of the other stuff that we've learned. So if no one else has anything else, that's going to conclude today's show. I will be on, as far as I know, still with CanCon and Ash at six o'clock to continue our stolen election book.

1:17:20 So if you guys have time, tune into that show on Badlands Media called The Book Club. And we'll finish working our way through that book as well as this. So some really interesting content in the book, this chapter that we're going to be covering, some kind of tidbits.

1:17:48 related to the Philippines and Lord Malik Brown. So if you guys have time, if not, then go back and listen to it later. I think it'll add a little color to election interference. So anyway, with that, we're gonna say goodbye. Thanks for being here. And I will see you either tonight at six or tomorrow at four. Take care, everybody.

Entities here

CIA50 United Kingdom25 Guyana25 John F. Kennedy25 United States25 Cheddi Jagan25 Guyana Project23 Dean Rusk11 Washington, D.C.10 Arthur Schlesinger Jr.10 J.C. King10 U.S. State Department9 Forbes Burnham9 1962 Guyana Riots9 London8 Virginia Hall8 Trade Union Council8 Cuba8 William McCabe7 McGeorge Bundy6 Inter-Services Intelligence6 National Security Council6 John Prados' book6 Georgetown Riots5 Georgetown5 Brazil5 Progressive Party5 AFL-CIO5 Richard Helms5 Guatemala4 1963 Guyana General Strike4 Lord Home4 1962 Guyana Election4 Janet Jagan4 Soviet Union4 Richard Ishmael4 Adlai Stevenson II4 John McCone4 United Fruit Company4 Operation Pluto3

Claims made here

CIA attempted_assassination_of Cheddi Jagan host_asserted ▶ 4:05

“What had happened at the time had been deadly serious, so serious in order to get an ally to go along. The U.S. had to threaten an invasion of another enemy that would have led to nuclear war. The CIA…”

Arthur Schlesinger Jr. member_of John F. Kennedy book_quoted ▶ 5:00

“This attempt at regime change, filtered through America's Cold War struggle with the Soviet Union, was the latest in a long series of CIA covert operations. Jagen became both victim and exemplar. Quot…”

CIA targeted_for_regime_change Cheddi Jagan book_quoted ▶ 5:00

CIA spied_on Cheddi Jagan book_quoted ▶ 6:02

“The agency looked ahead to elections in the South American country, concluded that Jagen's political party, quote, will probably succeed in winning the right to form the next government, unquote. The …”

Cheddi Jagan founded Progressive Party book_quoted ▶ 10:40

“You know, because that's not allowed. In 1947, Jagen won election to a consultative council advising the British governor. Three years later, he and Janet founded a political party called the People's…”

United Kingdom removed_from_power Cheddi Jagan book_quoted ▶ 11:40

“British officials convinced themselves during this period that Jagen was a communist. He wasn't. They had no evidence that he was. When he won, Jagen formed a government. His wife was elected deputy s…”

United Kingdom ordered_assassination_of Cheddi Jagan book_quoted ▶ 12:09

“the British dismissed the entire government. In 1954, they put Jagen and his wife in prison. That just made them more popular among the people. British hoped of dampening Gaiwanese feelings for Jagen,…”

CIA paid Forbes Burnham host_asserted ▶ 12:41

“of the People's Progressive Party. He was among the Africans. So the CIA went in there as well as MI6 and basically paid him to form another political party so we can play race and we can divide the p…”

Dean Rusk targeted_for_regime_change Cheddi Jagan book_quoted ▶ 14:17

“We are not inclined to give people like Jagen the same credit or the benefit of the doubt, which was given to Castro three years ago. The British foreign secretary replied that any action would only m…”

Allen Dulles member_of CIA book_quoted ▶ 15:16

“Within days of election, the State Department sent President Kennedy a proposal that involved two tracks, open cooperation with the Gaiwanese in hopes of inducing Jagen to align with the West, but a C…”

U.S. State Department proposed Guyana Project book_quoted ▶ 15:16

Arthur Schlesinger Jr. covered_up Guyana Project book_quoted ▶ 15:43

“actually helped keep the CIA out of the act, objecting that the covert initiative could easily get in the way of overt policy. JFK sided with Schlesinger. He was not interested. A second round of talk…”

John F. Kennedy removed_from_power Guyana Project book_quoted ▶ 15:43

Frank Wisner member_of CIA book_quoted ▶ 16:15

“Among them was William Burdett, Washington's point man on Guyana policy. The CIA senior officer at the London office was none other than Frank Wisner, the agency's former covert operations chief. Bruc…”

Dean Rusk targeted_for_regime_change Cheddi Jagan book_quoted ▶ 16:47

“that any specific move would be subjected to high-level U.S. consideration and British approval. Secretary Russ told Bruce, we should keep in mind the possibility of Jagen is a communist-controlled sl…”

Cheddi Jagan carried_out_attack John F. Kennedy book_quoted ▶ 17:47

“a meeting with Kennedy to plead his case. He traveled to Washington, saw Kennedy, and Kennedy basically avoided giving any commitment. The American record notes that Jagen was, quote unquote, evasive.…”

CIA financed_via 1962 Guyana Riots host_asserted ▶ 19:24

“were caused and funded by the CIA. Unbeknownst, he has not authorized any covert operations. Britain has said they don't want any covert ops. There is documented evidence that I presented on the Alpha…”

Cheddi Jagan exposed CIA book_quoted ▶ 21:35

“From the prime minister's residence, called Red House, Jagen watched as entire blocks of the downtown area was lit on fire. Jagen later told a British diplomat, as relayed to Americans, that he though…”

Cheddi Jagan targeted_for_regime_change CIA host_asserted ▶ 22:05

“Prime Minister Jagen asked for the UN inquiry, but ultimately settled for one from the British Commonwealth. Jagen's charges that the CIA fomented the 1962 riots have been repeated. And then the autho…”

CIA covered_up 1962 Guyana Riots book_quoted ▶ 22:34

“This was written in 2006, and I think those documents were declassified by then. That's why I tell you guys to take this information, because it does provide details, but not necessarily the whole sto…”

Dean Rusk targeted_for_regime_change Cheddi Jagan book_quoted ▶ 24:37

“I must tell you now that I have reached the conclusion that it is not possible for us to put up with an independent British Guyana under Jagen, Rusk wrote. He saw him as a quote-unquote Marxist-Lenini…”

Adlai Stevenson II exposed Dean Rusk book_quoted ▶ 25:07

“It seems to me clear that new elections should now be scheduled, and I hope we can agree that Jagen should not be allowed to compete. There remained dissenting voices in the Kennedy administration. On…”

Dean Rusk targeted_for_regime_change Cheddi Jagan book_quoted ▶ 25:07

Lord Home removed_from_power Cheddi Jagan book_quoted ▶ 26:04

“which might be inferred from the last sentence of your letter, unquote. Stevenson ended by asking to be briefed on any CIA plans. Lord Hume was not persuaded. The foreign secretary replied to Rusk and…”

CIA spied_on Cuba book_quoted ▶ 27:05

“Participants at the CIA director's morning staff meeting on February 26th listened as officials reported three Cuban merchant vessels en route to Guyana. Within a day, CIA analysts were able to prove,…”

John F. Kennedy removed_from_power Guyana Project book_quoted ▶ 27:32

“And there was no arms on the vessels at all. At the White House, Arthur Schlesinger warned JFK that both the CIA and the State Department had the notion that the president had made a firm decision to …”

Dean Rusk removed_from_power Guyana Project book_quoted ▶ 29:10

“But the president personally signed this one. A week later, Secretary Rusk talked with the British in Geneva. In his report, Rusk noted that the London did not exclude action, but was not willing to g…”

U.S. State Department proposed Guyana Project book_quoted ▶ 29:41

“Russ ended by asking the department to use diplomatic channels and to ask CIA Frank Wisner to stop. One thing President Kennedy demanded as a prerequisite for his decision had been analysis of the pos…”

Dean Rusk ordered_assassination_of Frank Wisner book_quoted ▶ 29:41

Alexis Johnson targeted_for_regime_change Cheddi Jagan book_quoted ▶ 31:12

“Deputy Undersecretary of State Hugh Alexis Johnson took pains to say the U.S. feared chaos in a communist government, insisting on the need to work closely to avert a catastrophe. Code words to convin…”

Alexis Johnson targeted_for_regime_change Cheddi Jagan book_quoted ▶ 31:41

“Johnson indicated that Washington saw Jagen in the same light that they saw Castro. We do not intend to be taken twice, he said. The British, on the other hand, reported that Guyana's large sugar corp…”

National Security Council proposed Guyana Project book_quoted ▶ 32:12

“The state paper in the Washington talks became the basis for the deliberate shadowy unit called the Special Group, the highest U.S. government unit dealing with covert operations. When the Special Gro…”

Harold Macmillan removed_from_power Guyana Project book_quoted ▶ 33:14

“At informal secret talks, the Americans presented their action program. You know, the one that Kennedy said don't do. McMillan still rejected the most energetic measures, but decided he could abide by…”

Arthur Schlesinger Jr. targeted_for_regime_change Forbes Burnham book_quoted ▶ 33:14

CIA paid Forbes Burnham host_asserted ▶ 33:44

“Under Burnham, if Burnham will commit himself to multiracial policy, could cause us fewer problems. He was already on the payroll of the CIA. Schlesinger intended his policy advice to guide Kennedy's …”

J.C. King worked_for Nelson Rockefeller host_asserted ▶ 39:27

“And who did he work for while he was doing all of those quote unquote studies? None other than Nelson Rockefeller. Yeah, Nelson Rockefeller. He also worked as a special agent in the FBI. As an entrepr…”

J.C. King member_of FBI documented ▶ 39:27

J.C. King carried_out_attack Guatemala Coup documented ▶ 41:15

“In the late 40s, that role had been overtaken by the new CIA and King transferred to the CIA. He soon became the chief of the Western Hemispheric Division. When the agency overthrew the government in …”

CIA recruited J.C. King documented ▶ 41:15

J.C. King headed CIA documented ▶ 41:15

Virginia Hall member_of CIA documented ▶ 42:54

“among the most senior women in the CIA's clandestine service. Paul had lost a leg in World War II when parachuting into France to work with the resistance. She was highly decorated. In 1950, she marri…”

Virginia Hall trained Operation Gladio host_asserted ▶ 43:32

“was in charge of designing France's stay-behind units. She was responsible for designing France's stay-behind units, which means she was working with Nazi Reinhard Galen and Alan Dulles and Otto Skorz…”

Virginia Hall carried_out_attack Guatemala Coup documented ▶ 43:32

CIA supplied_arms_to Operation Gladio host_asserted ▶ 43:32

CIA recruited Forbes Burnham host_asserted ▶ 44:41

“In early 1962, the CIA had no station in Georgetown and lacked direct contact with Jagen's opponent, Forbes Burnham. That's not true. The CIA was already there operating just undercover because Forbes…”

CIA targeted_for_regime_change Cheddi Jagan documented ▶ 45:41

“had no armed forces to draw into the game. And Jagen's popularity remained such that even after the Georgetown riots, no possibility existed for armed resistance, which in any case, the British army w…”

John McCone headed CIA documented ▶ 46:42

“By early 62, the Directorate of Operations had a new boss, as did the CIA itself, the Deputy Director for Operations of Professional Intelligence Officer Richard Helms. He had stayed out of the limeli…”

Richard Helms headed CIA documented ▶ 46:42

Arthur Schlesinger Jr. framed Cheddi Jagan host_asserted ▶ 51:35

“summarized the concept. Schlesinger was impressed with Burnham, not knowing he was already on the CIA's payroll in a Washington's visit. He told JFK in a memo dated June 21st, I agree that the evidenc…”

Dean Rusk framed Cheddi Jagan documented ▶ 51:35

Richard Ishmael member_of Trade Union Council documented ▶ 1:00:16

“Trade Union Council that was headed by an East Indian, Richard Ishmael. He had already attended the Union Labor Activist University training program in Washington, D.C. So Ishmael is one of them. As a…”

CIA funded Trade Union Council documented ▶ 1:01:17

“could build their project patiently. Records indicate expenditures for Guyana that coincided with a program began by the labor efforts to build more than 500 houses for Ishmael's trade union council a…”

CIA funded 1963 Guyana General Strike documented ▶ 1:04:40

“Historian Robert Waters and Gordon Daniels uncovered cables from McCabe and others reporting in great detail how our unions paid the salaries of labor interns during the strike. The AFL-CIA alone spen…”

CIA financed_via Gotham Foundation documented ▶ 1:05:10

“But there's been other documents that said they paid all of the laborers too. The strikers did not miss a paycheck. Later investigations by British journalists concluded the CIA had furnished payments…”

Gene Meekin member_of CIA guest_asserted ▶ 1:05:42

“The labor union, McCabe's parent organization. Gene Meekin, a labor specialist, worked directly for the trade union council, providing advice and editing radio scripts in a weekly newspaper. Ex-agency…”

William McCabe member_of CIA documented ▶ 1:06:12

“On the other hand, Meekins also claims that McCabe, well-established as a CIA employee, had been nothing more than a dedicated labor union organizer. So, in other words, Meekins the liar. There were p…”

Richard Ishmael carried_out_attack Cheddi Jagan documented ▶ 1:06:12

Jim Jones founded Jonestown guest_asserted ▶ 1:10:50

“Jonestown, which was not used for his religious cult activities. It was actually a terrorist training camp. That was its original function. There's a river that comes up to it where they would ship pe…”

Leo Ryan exposed Jim Jones guest_asserted ▶ 1:11:14

“And they were using this waterway as a way in and out of that area to teach assassins and the whole rigmarole of basically stay behind people out of Jonestown. It was not until much later that Leo Rya…”

J.C. King member_of Nelson Rockefeller host_asserted ▶ 1:14:12

“because it basically functioned as a CIA front. And now I know I had it marked and I'm not seeing it off the top of my head, but I'll have it for tomorrow because I did a little bit of digging into it…”

Nelson Rockefeller targeted_for_regime_change South Africa host_asserted ▶ 1:14:44

“JC King to Nelson Rockefeller too, because we know that Latin America was basically his bellyweck where the other Rockefellers were more involved in Europe and other places. Nelson was specifically co…”

11th Shock Battalion attempted_assassination_of Charles de Gaulle host_asserted ▶ 1:16:14

“which of course was involved in the Kennedy assassination as well, because there's at least two of them documented being in Dallas that day. She would have been responsible for setting up the 11th Sho…”

Virginia Hall founded 11th Shock Battalion host_asserted ▶ 1:16:14